Gram-negative Bacteria & Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Describe cell morphology of Neisseria species

A
  • gram-negative diplococci
  • often found in neutrophils in cerebrospinal fluid and urethral discharge
  • Pili responsible for urethral colonization
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2
Q

Nisseria species and diseases

A

N. gonorrhoeae: STI

N. meningitides: respiratory-transmitted infection of CNS

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3
Q

Describe bacteriological properties of Enterobacteriaceae in regard to their identification

A
  • gram-negative, non-spore forming bacilli
  • use NO3 for anaerobic respiration
  • negative for cytochrome C oxidation (defining test)
  • ferment glucose
  • peritrichous if motile
  • O and H antigens identifies specific strains
  • K capsule antigen diagnostic if present
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4
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A
  • gram-negative, diplococcus
  • aerobic
  • unencapsulated (low virulence, easily phagocytized)
  • normally in nasopharynx
  • pneumonia in elderly
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5
Q

Describe the bacteriological properties and diseases caused by Y. pestis, its reservoir, and transmission

A

(black plague)

  • Enterobacteriaceae
  • bipolar staining coccobacillus
  • resevoir: rats, prairie dogs, squirrels, etc
  • transmitted by rat flea
  • fatal if not treated within a day
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6
Q

Describe the bacteriological properties and diseases caused by F. tulerensis, its reservoir, and transmission

A

-gram-negative coccobacillus
-aerobic
-symptoms:
- ulceroglandular: fever, ulcer at bite site, swollen
lymph nodes
- glandular: lymph nodes but no ulcer
- oculoglandular: enters by eye – eye inflammation,
lymph nodes
- oropharyngeal: by ingestion – sore throat, ulcers
- pneumonic: by inhalation – pneumonia
- typhoidal: fever without local findings
-resevoir: langomorphs (rabbits, hares, etc) and aquatic rodents
-transmitted by various ticks and deer flies (anthropods)
-low infectious dose, easy to aerolize, high virulence (potential weapon of mass destruction)

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7
Q

Describe the bacteriological properties and diseases caused by C. burnetti, its reservoir, and transmission

A
  • gram-negative
  • can multiply in cell
  • motly asymptomatic, fever, headache, cough, pneumonia
  • incubation period of 20 days
  • resevoir: cattle, sheep, goats, rich in placenta
  • transmitted by inhalation of aerosol (no vector)
  • if mom gets – transmitted to placenta –fetus dies
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8
Q

Describe the bacteriological properties and diseases caused by B. henselae, its reservoir, and transmission

A

(Cat scratch disease)

  • gram-negative bacillus
  • long incubation period (1-3 weeks)
  • low fever, vesicle/red lesions at primary lesion, enlarged nodes
  • resevoir: domestic cats
  • transmitted via scratch (possibly anthropods)
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9
Q

Describe the bacteriological properties and diseases caused by Pasteurella multocida, its reservoir, and transmission

A
  • gram-negative rod
  • intense wound infections appearing in 24 hours
  • resevoir: dogs and cats
  • transmitted via bite
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10
Q

How does lactose-fermentation determine if an Enterobacteriaceae is pathogenic or not?

A

ferments lactose – good

doesn’t ferment lactose – pathogenic

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11
Q

Apply knowledge of the zoonotic bacterial infections to clinical scenarios

A

increasing exposure to animals allows viruses to jump to humans

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