Gram Negative Bacteria

Question 1

What are the 2 main types of aerobic gram negative cocci?

Answer 1

Neisseria spp

Moraxella Catarrhalis

Question 2

What are the two main sub-types of Neisseria spp?

Answer 2

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

Question 3

What does neisseria meningitidis cause?

Answer 3

Meningitis (can be life threatening)

Question 4

What kind of samples can neisseria meningitidis be grown from?

Answer 4

Blood cultures & CSF samples

Question 5

What does neisseria gonorrhoeae cause?

Answer 5

Causes urethritis in men.

Causes pelvic-inflammatory disease in women.

Question 6

How is neisseria Gonorrhoeae spread?

Answer 6

By sexual contact

Question 7

What does moraxella catarrhalis cause?

Answer 7

Respiratory tract infections

Question 8

With whom are moraxella catarrhalis infections most prevalent?

Answer 8

Those with underlying lung pathology.

Question 9

What are the 3 main types of large aerobic gram negative bacilli? (Coliforms)

Answer 9

• Escherichia Coli 0157
• Salmonella spp
• Shigella

Question 10

How many E. Coli types are there?

Answer 10

Over 160 serotypes based on the O antigen

Question 11

How do strains of E. Coli vary?

Answer 11

In disease potential

Question 12

What do E.coli strains commonly cause?

Answer 12

UTI’s & Neonatal Sepsis.

Question 13

Name 2 important strains of E. Coli?

Answer 13

Enterotoxogenic E. Coli

Enterohaemorrhagic E. Coli

Question 14

What is enterotoxogenic Escherichia coli?

Answer 14

The commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea

Question 15

What does enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. cause?

Answer 15

Bloody Diarrhoea

Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome.

Question 16

How does Escherichia Coli affect Lactose?

Answer 16

Causes fermentation of lactose

Question 17

How does Salmonella spp affect lactose?

Answer 17

It doesnt, unlike Escherichia Coli which ferments it

Question 18

What are the 2 main salmonella spp subtypes?

Answer 18

Salmonella Enterica

Salmonella Typhi

Question 19

What does salmonella enterica cause?

Answer 19

• Self-limiting enterocolitis (inflammation of both colon & intestine).
• Possible bloody diarrhoea
• Bacterial diarrhoea

Question 20

What does salmonella Typhi cause?

Answer 20

Typhoid Fever

fever with constipation

Question 21

How is salmonella Typhi infection diagnosed?

Answer 21

The organism is isolated from blood.

Question 22

Does shigella ferment lactose?

Answer 22

No you fool! Only Escherichia Coli does that! Go back to school!

Question 23

What does shigella cause?

Answer 23

Dysentery & diarrhoea.

Question 24

Define coliform?

Answer 24

Organisms in the family of enterobacteriaceae.

e.g. E. Coli, Salmonella & shigella

Question 25

Are microaerophiic gram -ve bacteria cocci or bacilli?

Answer 25

Microaerophilic bacteria are bacilli

Question 26

What are the 2 subtypes of microaerophilic bacilli?

Answer 26

Curved Bacilli | Spiral Bacilli

Question 27

Example of a small curved microaerophilic bacilli:

Answer 27

Campylobacter species

Question 28

Example of spiral microaerophilic bacilli:

Answer 28

Heliobacter Sp.

Question 29

Example of gram -ve anaerobic bacilli:

Answer 29

Bacteroides Species.

Question 30

Other than coliforms whats the other subtype of aerobic gram -ve bacilli?

Answer 30

Small

Question 31

Examples of small aerobic bacilli:

Answer 31

Bordetella Pertussis | Haemophilus Influenzae

Question 32

What causes whoopin cough?

Answer 32

Bordetella Pertussis | Gram -ve -> Aerobic -> Bacilli -> small

Question 33

What casues exacerbated COPD?

Answer 33

Haemophilus Influenzae | Gram -ve -> aerobic -> bacilli -> small

Question 34

Examples of gram -ve aerobic cocci?

Answer 34

Neisseria Gonorrhoae | Neisseria Meningitidis

Question 35

Classify Camplylobacter species:

Answer 35

- > Gram -ve - > Microaerophilic - > Bacilli - > Small curved bacilli - > Campylobacter sp.

Question 36

Classify Bacteroides sp:

Answer 36

- > Gram ive - > Anaerobic - > Bacilli - > Bacteroides Sp.

Question 37

Classify whooping cough:

Answer 37

Gram -ve - > Aerobic - > Bacilli - > Small (non-coliform) - > Bordetella pertussis - > Whooping cough

Question 38

Classify Shigella:

Answer 38

Gram -ve - > Aerobic - > Bacilli - > Large (coliforms) - > Gut pathogens - > Shigella

Question 39

Classify Neisseria Meningitidis

Answer 39

- > Gram -ve - > Aerobic - > Cocci - > Neisseria Meningitidis

Question 40

Classify Heliobacter sp.:

Answer 40

- > Gram -ve - > Microaerophilic - > Spiral Bacilli - > Heliobacter species.

Question 41

What is different about non-coliform gram -ve aerobic bacilli?

Answer 41

Theyre small whereas coliforms are large

Question 42

Name 2 types of small gram -ve aerobic bacilli:

Answer 42

- Bordetella Pertussis | - Haemophilus Influenzae

Question 43

What does bordetella pertussis cause?

Answer 43

Whooping Cough