Antifungals Flashcards
What are the 3 main categories of antifungals?
- Ergosterol binding
- Inhibits Ergosterol synthesis
- Inhibits glucanpolysaccharides synthesis
What are the glucanpolysaccharide syntehsis inhibitors called?
Echinocandins
What are the categories of ergosterol synthesis inhibitors?
Azoles (imidazoles - old & triazoles -new)
Allyamines
What are the egosterol binders called?
Polyenes
What are the 2 common polyenes?
Amphotericin B
Nystatin
What are the 2 imidazoles? (old azoles)
Miconazole
Ketoconazole
What are newer azoles (triazoles)?
Fluconazaole
Itraconazole
Voriconazole
What are the main echinocandins?
Caspofungin
Mycafungin
Anidulafungin
What do azoles & allyamines do?
Inhibit ergosterol sythesis inhibition
What do echinocandins do?
Inhibit synthesis of glucanpolysaccharides
What do polyenes do?
Bind to ergosterol
What are miconazole & ketoconazole?
Old Azoles (imidazoles)
What are fluconazole, Itraconazole & voriconazole?
Newer Azoles (Triazoles)
Amphotericin B & nystatin are what type of anti-fungal and how do they work?
Polyenes & they bind to ergosterol
What type of antifungal is terbinafine & how does it work?
An allyamine & it inhibits ergosterol synthesis
Together caspofungin, mycafungin & anidulafungin are?
Echinocandins
What do echinocandins act on?
Candida sp.
Aspergillus
How do echinocandins affect candida?
Echinocandins are fungicidal toward candida spp.
How do echinocandins affect aspergillus?
All echinocandins inhibit aspergillus growth
What is fluconazole used for?
Yeasts
What is itraconazole used for?
Yeasts Filamentous funghi (incl. Aspergillus & dermatophytes)
What is voriconazole used for?
Aspergillosis
What is terbinafine used for?
mainly dermatophytes
What does ketoconazole target?
Topical infections
What does miconazole target?
Yeast & dermatophytes
What does amphotericin B & nystatin target?
Yeasts & filamentous funghi
What do caspofungin, mycafungin & anidulafungin all act on?
Candida species fungicidially
Aspergillus species, inhibting growth
What do allyamines target? (types)
Primarily Dermatophytes
Terbinafine
What do various triazoles target?
Fluconazole - > yeasts
Itraconzaole -> Yeast & filamentous funghi (incl. Aspergillus & dermatophytes)
Voriconazole -> Aspergillosis
What do the various imidazoles target?
Ketoconazole -> Topical infections
Miconazole -> Yeasts & dermatopytes (internal/external)
The polyenes target?
Both target yeasts & filamentous funghi
amphotericin B & Nystatin
Which antifungals treat yeasts?
Polyenes - Amphotericin B & Nystatin
Azoles - Miconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole
Echinocandins - all funicidal toward Candida
Which antifungals would treat asperigillus?
Echinocandins - all inhibit its growth
Azoles - Itraconazole & Voriconazole
What antifungals treat dermatophytes?
Allyamines - Terbinafine
Azoles - Miconazole, Itraconazole
What antifungals treat filamentous funghi?
Polyenes - Amphotericin B & Nystatin
Azoles - Itraconazole
What antifungals are delivered IV?
Polyene - Amphotericin B
Which antifungals are delivered orally?
Polyene - Nystatin by oral suspension
Azole - Miconazole, Ketoconazole, fluconazole
Allyamine - Terbinafine
What antifungals are specfically topical?
Polyene - Nystatin
Azoles - Miconazole & ketoconazole
Allyamines - terbinafine
What is the big bad antifungal?
Amphotericin B
Extremely toxic to renal, hepatic & cardiac.
Which antifungal is semingly untoxic?
Azole- Fluconazole
