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Medical Micro > Gram Negative > Flashcards

Gram Negative Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Enterobacter

A 
Mucoid colonies on MAC
NF of GI tract
DIFFERENTIATE FROM KLESIELLA
Motility +
Urease =
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2
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A 
Growth on BAP 
NO Growth on MAC, MTM
Colony morph: small, grey-to-white, opaque, smooth, dry, glide across plate----HOCKEY PUCK
gram stain: gram negative DIPLOCOCCI
Oxidase +
Catalse +
Assachrolytic
DNase positive
Commensal flora of URT
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3
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A 
Normal flora of URT 
small pleiomorphic g- rods
opportunistic pathogen
    Meningitis
    Otitis media
    conjunctivitis (Pink eye)
QUAD PLATE: Requires X + V factor 
       GROWTH on QIII, 
       NO HEMOLYSIS ON QIV
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4
Q

Pasteurella multocida

A 
NF of pets cause of Pasteurellosis after scratch/bite
G- coccabacilli 
    bipolar staining
non motile
oxidase +
Catalase +
Growth on BAP, CAP
No growth on MAC
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5
Q

What Enterobacteriaceae are primary pathogens?

A

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia

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6
Q

Yersinia

A

Motility =
gram stain : bipolar (safety pin)
MAC — small/pinpoint NLF

Yersinia pestis
bubonic plague
agent of bioterrorism

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7
Q

Haemophilus haemolyticus

A

Like H. influenzae
QUAD PLATE: Growth on QIII
HEMOLYSIS on QIV

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8
Q

Eikenella corrodens

A

NF of oral cavity — human oral bites — endocarditis
colony morph: Fastidious, requires X factor
pitting of CAP
bleach smell
small g- rods
Oxidase +
Non motile

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9
Q

Klebsiella

A 
mucoid (capsule)
large mucoid colonies on MAC---- LF
Clinical: nosocomial infections --- ESBL's
Motility =
Indole =
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10
Q

Alcaligenes fecalis

A 
Nosocomial infections ---- moist areas of hospitals
tiny gram - rods
Motile 
Oxidase +
green apple odor
green discoloration of BAP
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11
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

WILL grow on BAP and CAN grow w/out CO2
Colony morph: small/medium grey convex, moist smooth edges sometimes mucoid
gram stain: gram negative DIPLOCOCCI
Oxidase +
Clinical: Meningitis, Meningococcemia— septicemia
Virulence factor: pilli
polysaccharide capsule
A,B,C,Y w135
Specimen: CSF cloudy
CTA SUGAR, G+ M+
Treatment: Penicillin or 3rd gen cephalosporin

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12
Q

Aeromonadaceae

A 
STRAIGHT g- rods
Indole +
Oxidase +
Ferments glucose and insotol
String of pearls -
no growth in NaCl
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13
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

A

Clinical: Chancroid (genital ulcer)

gram stain: school of fish, railroad track g-

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14
Q

Pleisiomonas shigelloides

A

Straight g- rods
OXIDASE +
Ferments glucose, insotol
String of pearls -

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15
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A 
causative agent of CHOLERA
    Rice water stools ---- Cholera toxin
TCBS selective media
    yellow colonies
CURVED g- bacilli
halophilic
String of pearls +
Oxidase +
Glucose fermentation
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16
Q

EIEC

A

Enteroinvasive E coli

dysentery
blood, mucus, wbc’s in stool

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17
Q

Edwardsiella tarda

A

source: cold + warm blooded animals
opportunistic wound infections
MAC — NLF
LOTS OF H2S production

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18
Q

Acinetobacter

A

can be NF of skin, URT
g- coccabacilli
nonmotile
oxidase -

A. baumanii is sacchrolytic, A. Iwoffii is asacchrolytic

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19
Q

Morganella and Provedencia

A 
MAC ---  NLF
Phenylalanine deaminase 
Urease 4+
Non swarming
H2S negative
20
Q

Brucella

A 
Occupational hazard working with animals
growth on BAP and CAP 
   smooth grey colonies
SELECTIVE BRUCELLA AGAR
Gram stain: small g- rods
Facultative intracellular pathogen
clinical: undulant fever
LEVEL 3 BSL
   Potential bioterrorism agent
21
Q

Ser of five

Reading Order

A 
TSI
LIA
MIO
Citrate
Urea
22
Q

HACEK

A 
Haemophilus spp.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corodens
Kingella spp.

NF of Oral Cavity

23
Q

Haemophilus parahaemolyticus

A

Clinical: Pharyngitis
QUAD PLATE growth on QII, QIII
Beta hemolysis on QIV

24
Q

Citrobacter ferundii

A 
MAC --- LF
NF found in diarrhea stool cultures
Lysine =
Urease +
ONPG, Citrate +
25
Q

EPEC

A

Enteropathogenic E coli

infants and children
lots of mucus in stool NO BLOOD

26
Q

Proteus

A 
MAC --- NLF 
Urease 4+
Phenylalanine deaminase
swarming motility 
H2S +
27
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A 
75% of nonfermenters isolated
     nosocomial infections
motile, gram - rod, w/ fruity odor
BAP: Metallic sheen, with spreading edge, 
MAC ---- NLF 
catase+
oxidase +
28
Q

What three groups of Enterobacteriaceae are non-motile?

A

Shigella
Klebsiella
Yersinia

29
Q

Burkholderia cepacia

A

nosocomial infections
Natural resistance to beta lactams and aminoglycosides
dirt/earthy ododr
BCSA selective agar

30
Q

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

A 
small pleimorphic g- rods
opportunistic pathogen
     Pneumonia, endocarditis
QUAD PLATE : V Factor ONLY
   GROWTH ON QII, QIII 
   NO HEMOLYSIS ON QIV
31
Q

Serratia

A

Nosocomial infections
Dnase +
Inherent antibiotic resistant
Red pigment

32
Q

Neisseria gonorrheae

A 
Will NOT grow on BAP
   requires CAP or MTM 
Colony morph: small beige/tan, translucent, raised,smooth
gram stain: gram - diplococci
Catalse +
Oxidase STRONG +
always pathogenic
Virulence factors: pili, transferrin receptors LOS endotoxin
Treatment: Ceftriaxone
CTA SUGARS: Glucose ONLY
33
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

A 
nosocomial infection venous catheter 
colony morph: yellow-green opaque medium size
oxidase =
Dnase +
Motility +
34
Q

Pseudomonas spp.

A 
gram negative rods
obligate aerobe
non spore forming
motile
MAC ---- NLF
Oxidase +
35
Q

Salmonella

A

MAC — NLF
HE + XLD — H2S production (clear colonies w/ black center)
Salmonella entericac
reservoir — cold blooded animals, birds
virulence factors — vi antigen (prevents phagocytosis)
Clinical: salmonellosis — food poisoning
Enteric fever — typhoid fever

36
Q

General characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae?

A

Gram negative rods
oxidase negatgive
glucose fermentation
nitrate reduction

37
Q

ETEC

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Traveler’s diarrhea
watery stool NO BLOOD

38
Q

Eschericheae coli

A

NF of GI tract
Fermentation of glucose and lactose
Indole +

citrate =
most common cause of UTI’s
pili = primary virulence factor

39
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A 
Whooping cough 
    catarrhal phase
    paroxysmal "hallmark" phase
    convalescent phase
SPECIALIZED MEDIA
   Bordet-Gengou
   Charcoal-Horse Blood (CHB) Agar
40
Q

EHEC / STEC

A

Enterhemorrhagic E coli
Shiga-toxin producing E. coli

has shiga toxins 1+2 (stx1, stx2),

includes O157H7

41
Q

Set of five

Inoculation order

A 
TSI
MIO
Citrate
LIA
Urea
42
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A 
G- rods acquired through INHALATION
PONTIAC FEVER
No growth on BAP
      Selective media: BCYE (L-Cysteine)
"ground glass" appearance of young colonies 
Detect antigen in urine
43
Q

Burkholderia mallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei

A

Clinical: Glanders, Meliodosis
dirt/earthy like odor

Potential bioterrorism agent

44
Q

Heliobacter pylori

A 
Gastric and peptic ulcers --- GI Carcinoma
microaerophilic and capnophilic 
Strong UREASE ++
Breath test
Triple treatment 
    Amoxicillin
    macrolide
    proton pump inhibitor
45
Q

Campylobacter

A 
Curved gram - rods, SEAGULL SHAPE
growth on CAMPY BAP
     microaerophilic and capnophilic
Darting motility 
Oxidase +
Hippurate +
46
Q

Shigella

A 
Non motile
h2s =
primary pathogen
clinical: shigellosis - bacillary dysentery
MAC : NLF
HE clear
XLD clear

Medical Micro (3 decks)

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