Gram Negative Flashcards by Adam Hall

Enterobacter

Mucoid colonies on MAC
NF of GI tract
DIFFERENTIATE FROM KLESIELLA
Motility +
Urease =

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Moraxella catarrhalis

Growth on BAP 
NO Growth on MAC, MTM
Colony morph: small, grey-to-white, opaque, smooth, dry, glide across plate----HOCKEY PUCK
gram stain: gram negative DIPLOCOCCI
Oxidase +
Catalse +
Assachrolytic
DNase positive
Commensal flora of URT

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Haemophilus influenzae

Normal flora of URT 
small pleiomorphic g- rods
opportunistic pathogen
    Meningitis
    Otitis media
    conjunctivitis (Pink eye)
QUAD PLATE: Requires X + V factor 
       GROWTH on QIII, 
       NO HEMOLYSIS ON QIV

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Pasteurella multocida

NF of pets cause of Pasteurellosis after scratch/bite
G- coccabacilli 
    bipolar staining
non motile
oxidase +
Catalase +
Growth on BAP, CAP
No growth on MAC

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What Enterobacteriaceae are primary pathogens?

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia

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Yersinia

Motility =
gram stain : bipolar (safety pin)
MAC — small/pinpoint NLF

Yersinia pestis
bubonic plague
agent of bioterrorism

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Haemophilus haemolyticus

Like H. influenzae
QUAD PLATE: Growth on QIII
HEMOLYSIS on QIV

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Eikenella corrodens

NF of oral cavity — human oral bites — endocarditis
colony morph: Fastidious, requires X factor
pitting of CAP
bleach smell
small g- rods
Oxidase +
Non motile

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Klebsiella

mucoid (capsule)
large mucoid colonies on MAC---- LF
Clinical: nosocomial infections --- ESBL's
Motility =
Indole =

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Alcaligenes fecalis

Nosocomial infections ---- moist areas of hospitals
tiny gram - rods
Motile 
Oxidase +
green apple odor
green discoloration of BAP

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Neisseria meningitidis

WILL grow on BAP and CAN grow w/out CO2
Colony morph: small/medium grey convex, moist smooth edges sometimes mucoid
gram stain: gram negative DIPLOCOCCI
Oxidase +
Clinical: Meningitis, Meningococcemia— septicemia
Virulence factor: pilli
polysaccharide capsule
A,B,C,Y w135
Specimen: CSF cloudy
CTA SUGAR, G+ M+
Treatment: Penicillin or 3rd gen cephalosporin

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Aeromonadaceae

STRAIGHT g- rods
Indole +
Oxidase +
Ferments glucose and insotol
String of pearls -
no growth in NaCl

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Haemophilus ducreyi

Clinical: Chancroid (genital ulcer)

gram stain: school of fish, railroad track g-

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Pleisiomonas shigelloides

Straight g- rods
OXIDASE +
Ferments glucose, insotol
String of pearls -

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Vibrio cholerae

causative agent of CHOLERA
    Rice water stools ---- Cholera toxin
TCBS selective media
    yellow colonies
CURVED g- bacilli
halophilic
String of pearls +
Oxidase +
Glucose fermentation

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EIEC

Enteroinvasive E coli

dysentery
blood, mucus, wbc’s in stool

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Edwardsiella tarda

source: cold + warm blooded animals
opportunistic wound infections
MAC — NLF
LOTS OF H2S production

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Acinetobacter

can be NF of skin, URT
g- coccabacilli
nonmotile
oxidase -

A. baumanii is sacchrolytic, A. Iwoffii is asacchrolytic

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Morganella and Provedencia

MAC ---  NLF
Phenylalanine deaminase 
Urease 4+
Non swarming
H2S negative

Brucella

Occupational hazard working with animals
growth on BAP and CAP 
   smooth grey colonies
SELECTIVE BRUCELLA AGAR
Gram stain: small g- rods
Facultative intracellular pathogen
clinical: undulant fever
LEVEL 3 BSL
   Potential bioterrorism agent

Ser of five

Reading Order

TSI
LIA
MIO
Citrate
Urea

HACEK

Haemophilus spp.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corodens
Kingella spp.

NF of Oral Cavity

Haemophilus parahaemolyticus

Clinical: Pharyngitis
QUAD PLATE growth on QII, QIII
Beta hemolysis on QIV

Citrobacter ferundii

MAC --- LF
NF found in diarrhea stool cultures
Lysine =
Urease +
ONPG, Citrate +

EPEC

Enteropathogenic E coli infants and children lots of mucus in stool NO BLOOD

Proteus

``` MAC --- NLF Urease 4+ Phenylalanine deaminase swarming motility H2S + ```

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

``` 75% of nonfermenters isolated nosocomial infections motile, gram - rod, w/ fruity odor BAP: Metallic sheen, with spreading edge, MAC ---- NLF catase+ oxidase + ```

What three groups of Enterobacteriaceae are non-motile?

Shigella Klebsiella Yersinia

Burkholderia cepacia

nosocomial infections Natural resistance to beta lactams and aminoglycosides dirt/earthy ododr BCSA selective agar

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

``` small pleimorphic g- rods opportunistic pathogen Pneumonia, endocarditis QUAD PLATE : V Factor ONLY GROWTH ON QII, QIII NO HEMOLYSIS ON QIV ```

Serratia

Nosocomial infections Dnase + Inherent antibiotic resistant Red pigment

Neisseria gonorrheae

``` Will NOT grow on BAP requires CAP or MTM Colony morph: small beige/tan, translucent, raised,smooth gram stain: gram - diplococci Catalse + Oxidase STRONG + always pathogenic Virulence factors: pili, transferrin receptors LOS endotoxin Treatment: Ceftriaxone CTA SUGARS: Glucose ONLY ```

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

``` nosocomial infection venous catheter colony morph: yellow-green opaque medium size oxidase = Dnase + Motility + ```

Pseudomonas spp.

``` gram negative rods obligate aerobe non spore forming motile MAC ---- NLF Oxidase + ```

Salmonella

MAC --- NLF HE + XLD --- H2S production (clear colonies w/ black center) Salmonella entericac reservoir --- cold blooded animals, birds virulence factors --- vi antigen (prevents phagocytosis) Clinical: salmonellosis --- food poisoning Enteric fever --- typhoid fever

General characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae?

Gram negative rods oxidase negatgive glucose fermentation nitrate reduction

ETEC

Enterotoxigenic E. coli Traveler's diarrhea watery stool NO BLOOD

Eschericheae coli

NF of GI tract Fermentation of glucose and lactose Indole + citrate = most common cause of UTI's pili = primary virulence factor

Bordetella pertussis

``` Whooping cough catarrhal phase paroxysmal "hallmark" phase convalescent phase SPECIALIZED MEDIA Bordet-Gengou Charcoal-Horse Blood (CHB) Agar ```

EHEC / STEC

Enterhemorrhagic E coli Shiga-toxin producing E. coli has shiga toxins 1+2 (stx1, stx2), includes O157H7

Set of five | Inoculation order

``` TSI MIO Citrate LIA Urea ```

Legionella pneumophila

``` G- rods acquired through INHALATION PONTIAC FEVER No growth on BAP Selective media: BCYE (L-Cysteine) "ground glass" appearance of young colonies Detect antigen in urine ```

Burkholderia mallei | Burkholderia pseudomallei

Clinical: Glanders, Meliodosis dirt/earthy like odor Potential bioterrorism agent

Heliobacter pylori

``` Gastric and peptic ulcers --- GI Carcinoma microaerophilic and capnophilic Strong UREASE ++ Breath test Triple treatment Amoxicillin macrolide proton pump inhibitor ```

Campylobacter

``` Curved gram - rods, SEAGULL SHAPE growth on CAMPY BAP microaerophilic and capnophilic Darting motility Oxidase + Hippurate + ```

Shigella

``` Non motile h2s = primary pathogen clinical: shigellosis - bacillary dysentery MAC : NLF HE clear XLD clear ```