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Medical Micro > Anaerobes + Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Anaerobes + Miscellaneous Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anaerobic Growth Media

A

CDC Anaerobic Blood Agar — ENRICHED
BAP + yeast, hemin, vitamin K, cysteine
Bactereoides Bile Esculin (BBE) Agar
Gentamycin + 20% Bile Esculin (Bactereoides fragilis)
Laked Blood Kanamycin-Vancomycin (LKV) Agar
BAP frozen and thawed
G- rods, Bacteroides, Prevotella
Egg Yolk Agar (EYA)
Clostridium spp.
Thioglycollate broth
for anaerobes, microaerophilic “backup”

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2
Q

Aerotolerance test

A

ANA BAP —- incubated anaerobically
TRUE AEROBE only grows here
ONE CAPP in CO2
growth on CAP, or CAP + ANA BAP = CAPNOPHILIC
BAP under aerobic (normal conditions)
FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE grow on all 3 plates

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3
Q

Peptococcus niger

A 
"Anaerobic staphylococcus"
rare cause of human disease
black to olive green colonies ---- grey when exposed to air
gram + cocci in clusters
catalase weak +
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4
Q

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

A 
"anaerobic streptococcus"
rare cause of human disease
Colony morph: small grey colonies, w/ off white center
high pleimorphic gram + cocci
sickly sweet odor
susceptible to SPS disk
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5
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

causative agent of gas gangrene and food poisoning
colony morph: Double zone beta hemolysis on BAP
gram stain: large boxcar shaped gram positive rods
catalase =

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6
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Cause of Tetanus — Lock Jaw
spores in soil enters through puncture wound
Colony morph: smoothly swarming
gram stain: Slender gram + rod w/ round terminal spore
“Tennis racquet, lollipop, drumstick” shape
catalase =
spot indole +

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7
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Botulism from canned food, Botox, Bioterrorism agent
lab confirmation w/ reference labs detecting toxin
gram stain: anaerobic gram + to variable w/ subterminal spore

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8
Q

Clostridium difficile

A 
"C Diff tox"
Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)
Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD)
Colony morph: chartreuse fluorescence under UV
Gram stain: slender g+
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9
Q

Actinomyces

A 
NF of mouth, GI tract
colony morph: 
    young: spider
     older : "molar tooth"
Gram stain: g+ curved rod
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10
Q

Propionibacterium acnes

A 
NF of skin, can cause bactermia, and acne
small opaque white colonies on ANA BAP
pleiomorphic, anaerobic g+ bacilli
Catalase + w/ H2O2 
Spot Indole +
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11
Q

Mobiluncus

A

NF of female genital tract
bacterial vaginosis if overgrowth
gram stain: g+ curved rods but stains pink
motile

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12
Q

Veilonella

A

NF of oral cavity, GI tract, or UG tract
colony morph: small transparent to opaque grey-white on ANA BAP
Fluoresce brick red under UV light

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13
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

A

very drug resistant
anaerobic g- bacilli
large, convex dark colonies on BBE agar

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14
Q

Porphyromonas and Prevotella

A 
Nf of oral cavity, URT, UGT, GIT
colony morph: black or clear colonies on ANA BAP 
fluoresce brick red under UV 
LKV AGAR
    Porphyromonas ---- no growth 
    Prevotella ---- growth
Spot Indole
    Porphyromonas --- +
    Prevotella --- =
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15
Q

Fusobacterium nucleatum

A

Nf or dental pathogen leads to pulmonary infection
colony morph: variable
gram stain: gram - fusiform rods
long, skinny, spindle-shaped filaments
Vancomycin resistant
Spot indole +

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16
Q

Chlamydia life cycle

A

1) Elementary body attaches to host cell and enters via endocytosis
2) Elementary body is placed in a host cell vacuole
3) Elementary body reorganizes to become Reticulate Body
4) Reticulate body divides by binary fission
5) Reticulate bodies revert back to elementary bodies
6) Cell lyses and elementary bodies are released from cell

17
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Lypogranuloma venereum, STD
Trachoma, conjunctivitis
Men - nongonococcal urethritis
Women - urethritis, endometriosis, (PID) Pelvic Inflamatory Disease, Salpingitis —— infertility
specimen collection: skin scrapings
test w/ PCR
Treatment : tetracycline, erythromycin, fluorquinolones

18
Q

Chlamydia pneumoniae

A

Acute respitory disease, >90% cases asymptomatic
Biphasic fever
phase 1) prolonged sore throat, flu-like symptoms
phase 2) pneumona + bronchitis

19
Q

Chlamydia psittaci

A

causative agent of psittacosis, ornithosis, parrot fever
birds are vector
acute respitory infection

20
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A 
Bronchitis + pharyngitis 
Walking pneumonia
specimen collection - extremely susceptible to drying
       trypticase soy broth, SP4 medium
Special Culture media
      PPLO, Shepards A7B, NYC, E Agar
Growth under microaerophilic conditions
Lab test: ELISA, serology fluorescence
21
Q

Ureaplasma urealyticum

A

Females: >60% sexually active women have, associated w/ UGT disorders
Males: NGU
Infants: congenital pneumonia

22
Q

Rickettsia

A

short, non motile gram negative bacilli
obligate intracellular parasite
vector: ticks or fleas

23
Q

Ricketssia ricketsii

A 
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Vector: Ticks
specific rash
leads to CNS problems
20% mortality if untreated
24
Q

Rickettsia akari

A 
Rickettsialpox 
reservoir: common house mouse
vector: mites or chigger
Papule --- Pustule --- Indurated eschar
similar to RMSP but milder
25
Q

Rickettsia prowazikii

A 
Typhus fever
Vector: human lice 
scratch lice into skin 
causes specific rash
40% mortality if untreated
26
Q

Orientia tsutsugamashii

A

Scrub typhus
reservoir: rat, vector: chigger
tachahoire - black spot specific rash

27
Q

Coxiella burnetti

A 
Q Fever 
Tickborne illness transmitted from cattle, goat, sheep
Human transmission via aerosol
EXTREMELY INFECTIOUS
potential bioterrorism agent
endospores
28
Q

Erlichia

A 
Erlichiosis
tick vector
intraleukovytic pathogen
Morulae
Forms that resemble chlamydia
29
Q

How to test for Ricketts?

A

Weil-Felix test
add patient serum w/ proteus vulgaris
positive agglutination

30
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Causative agent for Tuberculosis
disease spread by inhalation of droplet nuclei
Acid fast bacillus
colony morph: off-white cording
Biochemical testing: niacin accumulation +
Nitrate reduction +
68C Catalase =
Nonphotochromagen
Treatment: 9 month protocol isoniazid + rifamprin

31
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

Causative agent of leprosy
not highly contagious
cannot culture in lab
acid fast stain of skin biopsy

32
Q

Steps of viral replication

A 
Attachment 
Penetration 
 Uncoating 
 Biosynthesis 
 Assembly 
 Release
33
Q

Double stranded DNA viruses

A 
Epstein-Barr Virus
    Infectuous Mononucleosis
Herpes-Simplex Virus (HSV - 1 , HSV - 2)
Cytalomegalovirus
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
     Chickenpox or shingles
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
34
Q

Single stranded RNA viruses

A 
Influenza A + B
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
     "Croup"
Rhinovirus
MMR
HIV 
    Retrovirus 
        Treatment ---- AZT Cocktail
35
Q

CNS Viral Infections

A 
Enterovirus 
    infantile paralysis 
Rabies 
     Acute viral encephalitis 
     Negri bodies
36
Q

GI Viral Infections

A

Rotavirus - dsDNA
Daycares
Norwalk virus (Norovirus)
Cruise Ships

37
Q

What Hepatitus strain has no vaccination

A

HAV - vaccine
Infectious hepatitis
HBV - vaccine
HCV — NO VACCINE

Medical Micro (3 decks)

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