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Medical Micro > Gram positive > Flashcards

Gram positive Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

M Protein

A

S. pyogenes
2 exotoxins
Streptolysin S
Streptolysin O

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2
Q

Group D Streptococcus
Strep bovis
Strep equines

A

Colony morph: white to grey gamma hemolytic
gram stain: gram + cocci in pairs or chains
catalase =
BE +
6.5% NaCl =
Clinical: Bacterial endocarditis, bactermia, UTI’s, wound infections

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3
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Colony morph: white-creamy opaque colonies on BAP, BETA HEMOLYSIS
gram stain: gram positive cocci in clusters
Biochemical tests: catalase positive, coagulase positive

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4
Q

Protein A

A

Cell wall component in S. aureus that prevents phagocytosis by binding IgG Fc portion

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5
Q

Micrococcus luteus

A

Colony morph: BAP - large, yellow colonies
gram stain: gram + cocci in tetrads or clusters
catalase +
coagulase -
modified oxidase +
Bacitracin susceptible

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6
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

A 
NF - UTI's of child bearing age women
Colony morph: smooth, buttery-like, STRINGY when picked off place
Gram positive cocci in clusters
Catalase POSITIVE
Coagulase NEG
Novobiocin Resistant
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7
Q

What are virulence factors of S. agalactiae?

A

Sialic acid capsule
CAMP factor
Hyaluronidase (spreading factor)

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8
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

A 
Colony morph: small/tiny grey/white mucoid colonies
narrow zone beta hemolysis
gram stain: gram positive cocci in pairs and chains
catalase =
CAMP +
Hippurate +
Bacitracin R
Clinical: neonatal meningitis
Treatment: Penicillin + Cephalosporin
ex. Ampicillin + Gentamycin
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9
Q

What is in a beta strep run?

A 
Bacitracin (A) disc
OR PYR
CAMP
OR Hippurate
Bile esculin
6.5% NaCl
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10
Q

Lactobacillus

A 
NF "Good guys" of female Genitourinary tract
lowers pH
pleiomorphic g+ rods
catalase =
H2S =
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11
Q

Lancefield group antigen A

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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12
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

GROUP A Strep
colony morph: small-tiny semi translucent
wide zone Beta hemolysis
gram stain: gram positive cocci pairs or chains
Catalase negative
Biochemical Test: Bacitracin sensitive
PYR +
Clinical: STREP THROAT, Rheumatic fever, Scarlett Fever, Necrotizing fasciitis
Treatment: Amoxicillin, azithromycin if allergic to amox

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13
Q

Enterococcus

A 
Colony morph:  white to grey colonies with disappearing borders
mostly gamma hemolysis
sometimes alpha
rarely beta
Catalase weak +
BE +
PYR +
6.5% NaCl +
Clinical: NF --- nosocomial infections
Endocarditis in patients w/ prosthetic heart valves
Treatment: vancomycin, unless VRE
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14
Q

What antibiotics do you use to treat MRSA?

A

Vancomycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin

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15
Q

What is in an alpha strep run?

A

Optichin (P) disc
Bile Esculin
6.5% NaCl

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16
Q

Lancefield group antigen B

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

17
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

NF - Often nosocomial
Colony morph: white, smooth colonies, GAMMA HEMOLYTIC
gram stain: gram positive cocci in clusters
catalase positive
COAGULASE NEGATIVE
NOVOBIOCINN SENSITIVE

18
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae

A 
causative agent of DIPTHERIA
    tough grey-white pseudomembrane in sputum
Diptheria toxin (bacteriophage) tox gene
Colony morph: BAP small waxy, narrow beta hemolysis
    CTBA selective for g+ differential grey-black colonies
    MTM black colonies w/ brown halo
Gram stain: pleimorphic g+ rods
    V forms, pickett fences
Methylene blue smear
      Babes-Ernst granules
Modefied Elek test ---- arch of identity
Catalse +
Urease =
19
Q

What is in a gamma strep run?

A

gamma hemolysis (nonhemolytic)
bile esculin
6.5% NaCl

OR PYR

20
Q

Gardenella vaginalis

A

NF female vagina
BAP colony morph: pinpoint, nonhemolytic colonies
aerobic gram variable short rods, gamma hemolysis
HBT (Human bilayer Tween), V-Agar = BETA HEMOLYSIS
Catalase =
Hippurate +
Urea +
clinical: bacterial vaginosis: pH >4.5
Clue cells w/ foul smelling whiff test + KOH

21
Q

Strep veridans

A

colony morph: pinpoint grey colonies usually alpha hemolytic
gram stain: gram positive cocci in pairs and chains
catalase =
optichin R
BE =
6.5% NaCl =
ID BY EXCLUSION

22
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A 
Colony morph: coin shape raised rim alpha hemolytic grows best with increased CO2
gram stain: gram positive diplococci
Catalse negative
Optichin (P) Disc Susceptible
Bile Esculin +
Clinical: Lobar Pneumonia, Meningitis
Treatment: Penicillins
23
Q

Listeria monocytogens

A 
3rd trimester flu like leading to stillbirth
neonatal meningitis
food poisoning
BAP --- beta hemolysis
gram stain: short, NON BRANCHING, g+ rods
Tumbling motility
Catalase +
BE +
CAMP + (BLACK, NOT ARROWHEAD)
24
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopthiae

A

Collect from skin biopsy, lesion aspirate
Colony morph: pleiomorphic between 24-48 hrs
gram stain: pleiomorphic g+ rods
Catalse =
Nonmotile
H2S production on TSI

25
Q

Nocardia

A

Rare in humans — immunocompromised
Pulmonary, Cutaneous —- sulfur granules
Gram + filamentous, branched, beaded
Weakly acid fast —- light pink

26
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Cause of anthrax
cutaneous anthrax —- eschar lesion
inhalation anthrax—– nonspecific flu sudden severe
extreme precaution —- BSC3
Large g+ rods w/ square ends w/ central spore
“bamboo chutes”
non hemolytic, quick growth on BAP
beaten egg white appearance
test = capsule detection, anthracis toxin
treatment : cirpo, doxycycline IV

27
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

Clinical: food poisoning 2 forms
diarrheal - self limiting
emetic toxin - rice tables disease (similar to staph.)

colony morph: beta hemolytic small, shiny spreading
Gram + rod same as b. anthracis
MOTILE

28
Q

Bacillus subtillis

A

common contaminant
BAP very large gray, beta hemolytic
motile
large g+ rods, shorter than B. anthracis, and B. cereus

Medical Micro (3 decks)

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