Grain legumes

Question 1

Antinutritional factors:

Answer 1

Phytic acids,
Tannins,
Protease inhibitors, 
Oligosaccharides (raffinose, stachyose) 
Lectins,

Question 2

Crude Protein (CP)

Answer 2

• much higher compared to cereals: (20-40%),
  -medium digestibility (antinutritional factors mainly affecting protein digestibility, as a defense),
  -rich in Lys (14-18 g/kg), poor in Met + Cys (3-5 g/kg),
  -ideal protein: Lys 100%, Met + Cys 55%, -Biological Value (BV): medium.
  BW could be increased by 1) selecting plants with fewer antinutritional factors or 2) makes the antinutritional factors heat sensitive

Question 3

Compared to cereal grains:

Answer 3

• CP: 20-40%
• EE: 1.5-4.5 % (but soybean: 20%),
• much less starch (NFE: 25-50%),
• DE: 12-14 MJ/kg.

Question 4

Field Pea

Answer 4

• proportion in diets(Monogastr.): 15-20%,
• CP: 20-25% (the lowest),
• for dairy cow: max. 1.5 kg/d =>butter breaks into small pieces –bad,
• pig: makes the lard hard –good,
• in larger amount: obstipation.

Question 5

Horse Bean

Answer 5

• proportion in diets (Monogastr.): 15%,
• related to soybean, poor in Met (6 g/kg),
• high in antinutritional factors (vicin, convicin, tannin),
• dairy cow: 2 kg/d.

Question 6

Lupin

Answer 6

• proportion in diets(Monogastrics) 15%,
• CP: 35-40% (the highest),
• dairy cow: 2 kg/d,
• antinutritional factors (lupinin, Lupanin) < 0.08%, -lupinosis (liver damage).

Question 7

Soybean

Answer 7

• „full-fat” soybeans,
• EE: 20% (rancidity!),
• rich in linoleic acid (85 g/kg),
• pig: makes the lard soft –bad,
• Lys: 23 g/kg, Met+Cys: 10 g/kg =>BV: medium,
• antinutritional factors (trypsin inhibitors) heat treatment is required.

Question 8

Summary

Answer 8

CP: 20-40%, Lys(high) ,Met + Cys-ben(low), BV (medium), CF:5-13%, 
EE:1,5-4,5%, 
NFE:25-50%, 
Ca: 1-2 g/kg,