Grade 9 - Unit 2 - Body Systems, Digestive System & Respiratory System Flashcards
Chem is way better than Bio also help I dont want to study 11 different Body Systems AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a group of similar cells, which are all working together to perform a specific function. A group of tissues is called an organ
What are the 4 types of tissues?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
What are the 11 Body Systems?
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Circulatory (aka Cardiovascular)
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Excretory (aka Urinary)
- Reproductive
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Immune (and Lymphatic)
We need to memorize all of these and what they do yay so fun pls kill me
What is the Integumentary system?
- Consists of the skin, hair & nails
- Serves as a physical barrier against germs
- Sensory Organ
- Helps with temperature
What is the Skeletal system?
- Consists of Bones (suprisingly) & Cartilage
1 - Supports for the entire body and protection for the organs
- Muscles are attached to them for movement
- Stores Minerals
- Bone Marrow (the stuff inside of the bone) produces blood cells
1There’s a flashcard about cartilage to explain it don’t worry
What is the Muscular system?
- Consists of muscles (lol no way)
1 - Generates heat
- Voluntary and Involuntary Movement
- Voluntary Movement: Moving your arms and legs and stuff
- Involuntary Movement: Move blood throughout the body & move food through digestive system
1There are 3 types of muscles but that seemed way too complicated however if you want to look at them go to the slides
What is the Circulatory (Cardiovascular) system?
- Consists of Heart, Blood & Blood Vessels
1 - Transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes
- Helps regulate body temperature
- Carries cells and antibodies that fight infection
1 Blood Vessels include arteries, veins and capillaries
What is the Respiratory system?
- Consists of the diaphragm, lungs and associated tubes
- Brings in Oxygen for cellular respiration
- Gets rid of CO2 waste
- Relies on circulatory system for gas transport
1
1Blood transports the oxygen gained throughout the body
What is the Digestive system?
- Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines and accessory organs, such as liver and pancreas
- It breaks down food, both physically and chemically
- It gets nutrients which is then distributed to the body through the circulatory system
- It eliminates waste
What is the Excretory (Urinary) system?
- Consists of the skin, liver, kidneys,
bladder & associated tubes - It removes waste from the body, using sweat glands in the skin, removing toxins using the liver and using the kidneys to filter blood
1
1 This is also why its called Urinary System
What is the Reproductive system?
- In males, consists of testes & penis
- In females, consists of ovaries, uterus & vagina
- Produces Gametes
1 - Is responsible for reproduction
(I mean its kinda simple idk what else to write)
1More information on gametes later
What is the Nervous system?
- Consists of the Central Nervous System, the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System, the nerves
- Central Nervous system is responsible for general thoughts, feelings and telling the rest of the body what to do
- Peripheral Nervous system sort of act as messengers. They bring information, such as touch and pain, to the brain to interpret, and they bring information from the brain to the rest of the body, to tell it what to do
What is the Endocrine system?
- Consists of various glands across the body
- These glands secrete hormones that prompt various bodily functions
What is the Immune & Lymphatic systems?
- Consists of White Blood Cells, Spleen, Lymph nodes, glands and vessels
- Responsible for protection against disease
- Collects intercellular fluids (aka lymph) and returns it to the circulatory system
1
1More information on this later once again
What is cartilage?
Cartilage is a sort of soft connective tissue that’s basically just “soft bone”. Its more flexible than bone, because its used in joints, such as the knees and elbows. Its also what makes up a lot of the nose and ears.
What is the diaphragm?
The Diaphragm is a muscle underneath the lungs which expands and contracts to allow the lungs to breath in and out
What are hormones?
They act as chemical messengers that activate certain body functions. For example, Testosterone is a hormone that prompts puberty in males, while Estrogen does the same in females
What is Physical(Mechanical) Digestion?
When food gets broken down in physical ways, e.g chewing in the mouth, or stomach churns to break down the food
What is Chemical Digestion?
When food is broken down through chemical means, e.g acid in the stomach
Enzymes are almost always responsible for chemical digestion
What is the digestive system pathway?
- Starts at the Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Ends at the Large Intestine
What is the function of the mouth?
Begin Physical & Chemical Digestion. Physical by chewing the food, and chemical by breaking it down with the saliva. Carbs begin to be digested here.
What is the function of the Esophagus?
It transport food to the stomach using peristalsis
Ill explain peristalsis later
What is the function of the stomach?
To digest food more physically and chemically. Physically through churning, and chemically through stomach acid. This is where proteins are digested.
What is the purpose of the Small Intestines?
Chemical Digestion & it moves nutrients into the bloodstream using villi
More on Villi later again
What is the purpose of the Large Intestines?
Water and electrolytes are removed from waste, the waste is stored in the rectum and excreted from the anus
What is peristalsis?
Muscular Contractions in the esophagus that move food down into the stomach
What are the Villi?
Villi are small finger like projections on the walls of the small intestine that are there to increase the surface area, and allow nutrients to be absorbed more efficiently
What are the 2 reactants that cells need to make energy?
Oxygen - from the Respiratory System
Nutrients - from the Digestive Syste,
What is the Respiratory System pathway?
- Nose and/or mouth
- pharynx (back of throat) and larynx (voicebox)
- trachea (aka – windpipe)
- lungs
- trachea splits into two bronchi - one for each lung
- smaller and smaller bronchioles
- alveoli – covered in capillaries for gas exchange with blood -> oxygen is delivered to all cells by the blood
I suggest looking at the slides for more detail and pictures
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Remember the skittles example Ms Dufault showed us in class
What are the alveoli?
You should pronounce these as olive oil
The alveoli are air sacks that are responsible for taking the oxygen out of the air and putting it into the bloodstream. The alveoli are very small and theres a lot of them
Why are the alveoli small and numerous?
The reason is that the smaller and more of them there are, the more surface area there is, similar to the Villi. This allows them to absorb Oxygen much more efficiently.
