GP Flashcards
Diagnosis of Diabetes
Clinical symtoms (polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss) + random glucose or 2 hr 75 g glucose test >11 mmol/l + fasting glucose >7 mmol/l
Rapid Acting Insulin
Lispro, aspart, or glulisine
Long Acting Insulin
Insulin detamir (Levemir) lnsulin glargine (Lantus)
5 causes of Secondary Hypertension
CHAPS - Cushings, Hyperaldosteronism, Aortic Coarctation, Pheochromocytoma, Stenosis of the renal artery
Female Athlete triad
ammenorhea, eating disorder, osteoporosis
Treatment of chalmidya and gonorrhea
Gonorreha - ceftraixone 125 mg IM single dose and chlamidya - doxycline 100 mg BID 7 DAYS or azithromycin 1 g orally
Warfarin therapy indications
first episode DVT with transient risk factors: 3 months first episode DVT with ongoing risk factors - consider indefinite therapy first episdoe with no identifiable risk factors - 6-12 months or indefinite recurrent - indefinite
Treatment of acute sinusitis
symptoms improving within 5 days - symptomatic moderate symptoms that persist for more than 5 days - corticosteroids severe and resistant to corticosteroids - clarithromycin
Impotence
Inability to achieve or maintain an erection
Min number of sperm needed for pregnancy
1 million
Treatment of cluster headaches
abortive - oxygen, triptans, octreotide, dihyrdoergotamine prophylaxis - verapmail, ergotamine, prednisone, indomethacin
Hypercholestermia and HTN
beware that statins and verapamil together can lead to rhabdomyolysis and verapamil inhibits cytochrome p450 that normally breaks down statins
Treatment of V tachycardia
Amiodarone
Most common fractured bone in lower leg in children
Tibia
Prevntion of contrast induced nephropathy
Hydration with sodium bicarbonate
Indications for tonsillectomy
Recurrent, confirmed bacterial tonsillitis (>4 times/year), irrespective of the type of bacteria Compliations of acute tonsillitis such as peritonsilar abscess or septicaemia originating from the tonsils Peritonsillar abscess in a patient <40 years of age Suspected malignancy including marked asymmetry or ulceration Airway obstruction caused by sleep apnea, tonsils or disorder of dental occlusion Chronic tonsillitis is a relative indication – if causing bad breath, sore throat, gaggin and symptoms do not decrease with follow up
Treatment of athletes foot
Before putting on anti-fungals need to diagnose by taking a culture of scrappings - terbinafine 250 mg once/day for 12 weeks or itroconazole 200 mg bid 1 week/month for 3 months
Best initial therapy for acute cardiogenic pulmonayr edema
LMNO Loop Diuretics Morphine (venous dilation decreases preload) Nitrates Oxygen
Rhinitis medicamentosa
If you use decongestants for more than 3 days you get a rebound congestion on drug withdrawal. When used for several months, these agents can cause a rhinitis that is difficult to treat
Xerosis
pathologic drying of the that is especially common in the elderly and exacerrabated by winter and low humidity
Treatment of central vs nephorgenic DI
Central - vasopressin or desmopressin Nephrogenic - diuretics
Complications of nasogastric feeding
Diarrhea (most comon) - add anti-diarrheal agents to feed, aspiration, ucleration of nasal and esophageal tissues leading to strictures
Breast cancer incidence
1 in 9 will be diagnosed and 1 in 27 will die from breast cancer
Match elevated ACE elevated methylmanionic acid reduced haptoglobin elevated protoporphyrin
elevated ACE - sarcoidosis elevated methylmanionic acid - vitamin b12 deficiency reduced haptoglobin - hemolytic anemia elevated protoporphyrin - lead poisoning or iron deficiency
