Drugs Flashcards
Pharyngitis/Tonsilitis
1st Line:
phenoxymethylpenicillin 333-666 mg QDS x 10 days
(children: <1 62.5mg QDS; 1-5 yrs 125mg QDS; 6-12 yrs 250mg QDS)
If allergic:
clarithromycin 250-500 mg BD x 5 days
Otits media (child doses)
1st line:
amoxicillin 40/mg/day TDS (maxiumum 1 g TDS) x 5 days
or
erythromycin (<2 yrs 125 mg QDS, 2-8 yrs 250mg QDS) x 5 days
Allergic
Clarithromycin (<1 yr 62.5 mg BD; 1-5yrs 125mg BD; 5-12 yrs 250mg BD) x 5 days
2nd line
co-amoxiclav (<1 yr 68 mg TDS, 1-6 yrs 156mg TDS, 6-12 yrs 312 mg TDS)
Acute Sinusitis
1st line
Amoxicillin 500 mg TDS x 7-10 days
OR
doxycycline 200mg stat/100mg OD x 7-10 days
OR
clarithromycin 250-500mg BD x 7-10 days
2nd Line
co-amoxiclav 625 mg TDS x 7-10 days
Note: Reserve for severe or symptoms (>10 days).
Acute cough or bronchitis
Symptomatic relief:
Cough expectorants: guaifenesin
Mucolytic agent: carbocisteine
If antibiotics deemed necessary:
amoxicillin 500 mg TDS x 5 days
Depression
Escitalopram - 10 mg o.d increasing if necessary to max 20 mg o.d
Side effections: Sexual Dysfunction, Bleeding, Self Harm and Suicide, Hyponatremia (confusion, muscle cramps, fatigue), fracture risk, Hypersensitivity reactions including rash, anorexia with weight loss or weight gain
Continue treatment for min 6 months then if ineffective swtich to SNRI (Duloetine)
Duloxetine - 60 mg o.d max dose 120 mg
Side effects: Rash, Anorexia, erectile dusfunction, Tremor, Palpirations
Community Acquired Pneumonia
Start Ab immediately! If no response 48 hrs consider add macrolide or tetracycline to cover Mycoplasma infection (rare over 65)
amoxicillin 500-1g TDS
OR
clarithromycin 500 mg BD x 10 days
OR
doxycycline 200 mg stat/100mg OD x 10 days
Assess using the CRB-65 score
(Confusion, Respiratory rate ≥ 30/min, BP ≤90/60, Age ≥ 65)
Score 0: suitable for home treatment;
Score 1-2: consider hospital referral;
Score 3-4: urgent hospital admission.
Score 0: suitable for home treatm
Suspected meningococcal disease
Transfer all to hospital immediately
IV or IM benzylpenicillin!
Adults and children
10 yr and over: 1200 mg
Children 1 - 9 yr: 600 mg
Children <1 yr: 300 mg
Uncomplicated UTI
Trimethoprim 200 mg BD x 3 days
OR
Nitrofurantoin 50-100 mg QDS x 7 days
UTI pregnancy
treat asymptomatic! B/c of increased risk of progression to cystitis, pyelonephritis, and probable increased risk of preterm labour
Amoxicilin 250 mg TDS x 7 days
OR
cephalexin (second line) 500mg BD x 7 days
Paracetamol
500mg to 1 g x q 4-6 hours
(max 4 g)
Prophylaxis of migraine
1st line: Beta Blockers
Atenolol 25-100 mg daily/Propranolol 80-240 mg daily
Amitryptiline 25-150 mg daily
Ca Channel Blockers (Amlodipine 5 mg daily)
Anti-epiletpics (Topiramate) 25-100 mg daily
Treatment of acute migraine
Aspirin 900 mg or Ibuprofen 400 mg + metoclopramide
If not controlled, then go to triptans (At onset of headache not aura)
DO NOT GIVE TO patient with coronary artery disaese, prinzmetal angina, uncontrolled HTN
Treatment of Tuberculosis
Rifampin - orange urine, hepatitis, GI symptoms, flu like sympotms,
Isoniazid - polyneuropathy, psychotic epsidoes, vertigo, nausea and vomitting
Pyrazinamide - Gout, rash, arthalgia, hepatotoxicity
Ethambutol - optic retrobulbar neuritis
Management Anaphylaxis
Give 100% O2
Raise feet
Adrenaline IM 0.5mg (0,5 mL of 1:1000)
Chlorphenamine 10 mg IV
Hydrocortisone 200 mg IV
Influenza
Oseltamivir 75 mg BD x 5 days
Defined Risk Groups for Antivirals
Children aged < 2 years
Pregnant women
Severely obese people (BMI≥40)
Children with any condition (e.g. cognitive
dysfunction, spinal cord injury, seizure disorder or
other neuromuscular disorder) that may compromise
respiratory function, especially those attending
special schools/day centres.
ALSO
Those with:
Chronic respiratory disease including people on
medication for asthma
Chronic heart, kidney, liver or neurological disease Immunosuppression (whether due to disease or
treatment)
Diabetes Mellitus
Haemoglobinopathies
