Government Flashcards
What is the 22nd Amendment of the U.S. Constitution? When was it ratified? By whom, who had how many terms?
Individuals are prevented from serving more than two terms as president. It was ratified in 1951 by Roosevelt, who served 4 terms.
What is Republicanism?
A Western political ideology encompassing a range of ideas from civic virtue, political participation, harms of corruption, positives of mixed constitution, rule of law, and others. Historically, it emphasizes self-governance, and ranges from the rule of a representative minority or aristocracy to popular sovereignty.
What does ‘Commonwealth’ refer to?
A group of sovereign states and their dependencies associated by their own choice and linked with common objectives and interests.
Example: the British Commonwealth.
What is the Commonwealth of Nations?
A political association of member states, most of which are former territories of the British Empire.
What is a federation of states?
A group of states united under a central government.
Example: the Commonwealth of Australia.
What does ‘Commonwealth’ mean in English history?
The English government from the abolition of the monarchy in 1649 until the establishment of the Protectorate in 1653.
What does ‘Commonwealth’ refer to in the context of U.S. states?
The official designation (rather than ‘State’) of four states: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.
What does ‘Commonwealth’ mean in terms of the body politic?
The whole body of people of a nation or state; the body politic.
What is a republican or democratic state?
A state in which the supreme power is held by the people.
What does ‘Commonwealth’ mean in an obsolete context?
The public welfare.
Who is arresting illegal immigrants?
Immigration Customs Enforcement’s (ICE) Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO).
What is hegemony?
- Preponderant influence or authority over others: DOMINATION.
Example: battled for hegemony in Asia.
What is a cartel?
A cartel is an association of independent producers or companies that collaborate to regulate production, pricing, and marketing of goods or services to limit competition and increase collective profits. This coordination can lead to higher prices and reduced competition, often resulting in negative effects on consumers and the economy.
What is a confederacy?
A confederacy is a group of people, countries, organizations, etc. joined together for a common purpose or by a common interest.
What does it mean to be partisan?
A firm adherent to a party, faction, cause, or person, especially exhibiting blind, prejudiced, and unreasoning allegiance.
What is fascism?
A governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism.
What is fascism?
A political movement that employs the principles and methods of fascism, especially the one established by Mussolini in Italy 1922–43.
What is a federation?
- Uniting in a league, the act of federating.
- The formation of a political unity, with a central government, by a number of separate states, each of which retains control of its own internal affairs.
- A league or confederacy.
- A federated body formed by a number of nations, states, societies, unions, etc., each retaining control of its own internal affairs.
What is liberalism?
A political philosophy based on belief in progress, the essential goodness of the human race, the autonomy of the individual, and standing for the protection of political and civil liberties.
Specifically: a philosophy that considers government as a crucial instrument for amelioration of social inequities.
What is Conservatism?
A philosophy calling for:
1. Lower taxes
2. Limited government regulation of business and investing
3. Strong national defense
4. Individual financial responsibility for personal needs (retirement, health care)
What does it mean to constitute?
To constitute means to form, compose, or make up the parts of something, or to establish or create something in a formal or legal sense.
Examples:
1. “These elements constitute the foundation of the system.” (Form/make up)
2. “The new law constitutes a significant change in policy.” (Establish/create)
What is a meritocracy?
A system where success and advancement are based on individual abilities, achievements, and performance, rather than wealth, social status, or connections.
What does civic mean?
Of, or relating to a citizen, city, citizenship, or community affairs.
Origin: Citizen (Latin: Civis).
What does incarcerate mean?
- To put into prison
- To subject to confinement
Latin: in- in, carcer- prison.
