Government Flashcards
What was the Regency Council?
This would comprise sixteen men, supported by a further twelve who would assist as required. It would govern England during Edward’s minority, and any decision made was to be a majority, with a balance between Protestantism and Catholicism.
Somerset ruled England using the dry stamp and royal proclamations. Which Act granted proclamations equal status to statute law?
1539 Proclamations Act
How did Warwick and Southampton overthrow Somerset?
In August 1549, Warwick and Southampton sought to secure the support of Princess Mary to bring Somerset’s reign to an end, but failed. In October, there was a stand-off between the men, based in London, and Somerset, in Hampton Court. Somerset and Edward retreated to Windsor but eventually surrendered.
What happened in the Battle of Pinkie?
Somerset invaded Scotland and defeated the Scots at the battle on September 10, 1547. He sought to enforce the marriage of Edward and Mary Queen of Scots. Henri II renewed the Auld Alliance and sent 4,000 troops to Scotland. Somerset invaded Scotland with 20,000 troops, supported by 30 warships and 50 supply ships. In the west, 2,500 troops invaded from Carlisle.
Why did the Battle of Pinkie partly fail?
The forts built in the South of Scotland proved difficult and expensive to garrison and the English failed to capture strategically significant castles at Dunbar and Edinburgh. Mary was taken from Scotland and France to prevent her marriage to Edward. Somerset controlled the Scottish border but did not possess the resources to occupy the whole of Scotland, which cost £6,000. In 1549, he had to withdraw forces to tackle rebellion in England.
Who had supported Warwick during his coup, and how did this change?
During the coup, Warwick was supported by religious conservatives, who promoted a regency led by Princess Mary. Warwick later led a second coup against this in order to exercise unlimited power.
What were the consequences of Northumberland ending war with Scotland and France?
He was forced to return Boulogne. Though this was perceived as a humiliating defeat, this improved the Crown’s financial position: the occupation of Boulogne had drained the treasury, and the French were willing to pay £133,333 to recover the port.
How was Northumberland’s foreign policy a success?
It was a response to the Auld Alliance, which had been costly to England. It was tactical because France were less anti-Protestant than the Holy Roman Empire. England removed garrisons from Scotland and the English-Scottish border was returned to that before Henry VIII had been campaigning against Scotland. A marriage alliance between Edward VI and Henri’s daughter, Elizabeth, was agreed. The financial benefit outweighed any concern regarding continuing French influence over Scotland. The marriage alliance with England would prove useful.
Why did Northumberland seek to place lady Jane Grey on the throne?
She had married Northumberland’s son, Guildford Dudley.
When did the Devyse pass through Parliament?
In June 1553, Mary and Elizabeth were declared illegitimate and a new Parliament was called to ratify the succession. Edward died on 6 July 1553, before the new Parliament could meet. Without parliamentary sanction, the Devyse would not stand.
When was Lady Jane Grey proclaimed Queen?
July 9 1553
When was Mary proclaimed Queen by Northumberland, and why?
20 July 1553. Northumberland sought to intercept Mary at Great Yarmouth but endured resentment in Norfolk due to his suppression of Kett’s Rebellion. The men he sent proved to be disloyal, declaring allegiance to Mary.
Who became Mary’s key adviser?
Stephen Gardiner
Who did Mary rely on to govern?
Those most loyal to Mary- Robert Rochester, Edward Waldergrave and Sir Henry Bedingfield- had no serious experience in government. Mary relied on those who served Edward and appointed churchmen, who had been excluded from influence during Edward’s reign.
How many councillors did Mary appoint?
50
How many MPs opposed the reversal of religious reform?
80
What did Parliament defeat in 1555?
Mary’s bill to seize the property of Protestant exiles who had fled abroad.
What was the Marriage Treaty between Mary and Philip?
Philip would be granted the title of King and would be joint sovereign, but was to exercise no power that accompanied that title. No foreign men were to hold office in England, and if Mary predeceased Philip then he would have no claim to the English Crown. Any heir born would inherit England and the Netherlands but not Spain.
What did Parliament reject in 1554 and 1555 regarding the Spanish Marriage?
In 1554, a bill that would have included Philip in a proposed new law on treason. In 1555, it prevented his coronation as King.
When did Mary formally name Elizabeth her successor?
6 November 1558, and she died 11 days later.
When did England declare war on France?
1557
How did the campaign against France begin successfully?
England assisted Spain in the successful siege of St Quentin and dealt easily with a minor incursion into England by the Scottish. However, Spain did not have the money to secure a victory.
When was Calais lost?
January 1558
What was the Militia Act?
In 1558, this improved the raising of troops. Lord Lieutenants were to raise troops in each county, which replaced the traditional feudal way of raising an army. The Navy increased from 3 warships in 1555 to 21 by 1557. The Crown budgeted a peacetime allocation of £14,000 to the navy. This laid the basis for the organisation of the navy that was to defeat the Spanish Armada.
