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Urbanism and Planning > Governance > Flashcards

Governance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rise of governance?

A

1950s: Scientific, rational, technocratic.
1960s: Debates on the relationship between planning and politics, values and legitimacy (women, segregation)
1980s: Planning a communicative and collective. Planners are political

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2
Q

Dahl

A

Citizens also govern the city. The actions of citizens combine determine the direction of the city. Citizens are diverse.

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3
Q

Stone

A

Like minded groups for coalitions. The direction of the city is decided by coalitions.

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4
Q

Government

A

One central power (state) tells you what to do.

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5
Q

Governance

A

Government needs to listen to more viewpoints. Planning is more fragmented and decentralized. There’re more actors and stakeholders.

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6
Q

Difference between hierarchical steering and network sterring

A

Hierarchical steering is top-down and in network steering there is communication between all actors.

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7
Q

Why was there a shift between government and governance?

A

Globalisation.
Less money in public sector, so money needed for private actors.
Ideology: What’s the proper role of the state?

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8
Q

Empirical meaning of governance vs. Analytical meaning of governance

A

Empirical meaning: The shift from government to governance.

Analytical meaning: Understand the current situation and how things work

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9
Q

Formal institutions vs. informal institutions

A

Formal: Laws, rules, procedures
Informal: Norms, culture, patterns of behaviour

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10
Q

Why do organisations have a say?

A

People have some thing at stake.
Material: Investors
Ideological: People that live there.

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11
Q

Planning system

A

How planning takes place in a certain context. You need to understand the planning system to understand how planning works.

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12
Q

What influences planning systems?

A 
History
Role of central government (unitary vs. federal)
At what levels are plans made (top-down)
Legal system (common law vs. civil law)
Culture
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13
Q

Forms of participation

A

Action
Activism
Decision-making

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14
Q

Waves of citizen participation

A

1970s: Citizen is consulted and informed
1990s: Interactive decision-making and co-production
2000s: Citizens initiatives and DIY-urbanism (citizens lead and government facilitates)

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15
Q

Shifts in types of government

A
  1. top-down
  2. co-governance
  3. self-governance
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16
Q

Arnstein’s ladder

A
  1. Manipulation
  2. Therapy
  3. Informing
  4. Consultation
  5. Placation
  6. Partnership
  7. Delegated power
  8. Citizen control
17
Q

Problems with Arnstein’s ladder

A

Step zero?
Highest level most legitimate?
Different forms of participation going on at the same time?

18
Q

Benefits of citizens participation

A
  • More inclusive decision making
  • Local knowledge
  • Joint learning
  • Broadly supported decisions
  • Sense of ownership
  • Empowering communities
19
Q

Draw-backs of citizen participation

A
  • Scope strategically pre-defined
  • Too much emphasis on the process
  • Rationality yields to power
  • Representativeness
  • Participation fatigue
20
Q

Forester

A

Planner is a mediator. Needs to bring people together, but also knows what’s best.

21
Q

Davidoff

A

Planner is an advocate (of the voiceless). Planner shows a view, but planning committee makes the decision

22
Q

Jacobs

A

Good street:

  • demarcation between private and public space
  • eyes on the street
  • continuous users on the sidewalk
23
Q

Value of land

A
  • finite
  • based on natural features and uses
  • where is the land located?
  • future uses
24
Q

Land

A

Physical spaces where you can do all kinds of activities that is not covered by water or oceans

25
Q

Real estate

A

Everything build on land

26
Q

Property

A

Land and real estate that is turned into a commodity (something you can trade)

27
Q

Housing need

A

Normative concept based upon society’s believe on how much and what type of housing is required

28
Q

Housing demand

A

Economic concept based on the amount of housing consumed at a particular price

Urbanism and Planning (8 decks)

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