Globalisation

Question 1

Neo-liberalism

Answer 1

• competition
• market-mechanism
  Everything will be more efficient and cheaper. Politicians leave the market alone and will only go in if there’s a market failure

Question 2

Globalisation

Answer 2

A process of global (economic) integration

• demising the national market
• free trade (neo-liberal hegemony)
• global law
• freedom of enterprise
• redistribution of production, consumption and investment patterns

Leads to interdependency. It becomes more important to understand the external forces

Question 3

Sassen

Answer 3

Agglomeration of economies and innovative environments in certain cities (global power of a city)

Global cities: cities that have power of globalisation and are influential in the global economy.

Competitive position of a city is decided by the integration of the city in the global economy.

Question 4

Space of flows

Answer 4

Visualization of all the interactions.

The agglomeration of flows shows that some places are more connected than others.

Question 5

Space of place

Answer 5

The physical things that are there.

Question 6

Touch-point

Answer 6

Where a space of place and space of flows interacts

Question 7

Hub

Answer 7

More touch-points on top of each other

Question 8

Castells

Answer 8

The power of the space of flows. How the space of flows influences cities

Question 9

Taylor

Answer 9

Global hierarchy: how influential a city is depends on how big the city is and what aspect you’re looking at.

Facilitators facilitate the city.

Firms are places where flows go through. Cities are connected through firms. More firms = more influential city.

Question 10

Challenges for cities

Answer 10

• maximise share of global glows (vulnerability)
• maximise the benefit of the flow (negative side-effects)
• competition
• collaborations
• cities can disagree with national governments

Question 11

Inter-urban competition

Answer 11

Cities compete to maintain or improve their position within the emerging global hierarchy of cities.

• advantages by space of flows
• conflict with space of place (contested)
• interdependency of cities due to economic globalisation

Question 12

What do cities compete for?

Answer 12

• government projects
• infrastructure projects
• inhabitants
• visitors
• flagships
• mega-events
• talent
• investments
• business locations
• institutional locations

Question 13

Porter

Answer 13

Helping indigenous entrepreneur succeed is the best way to help the urban poor.

Growth is good (Molotch), but it can be bad for the environment, traffic congestion and unemployment

Question 14

Florida

Answer 14

Creative class: Economic class whose economical function is to inform its members socio-cultural choices.

Big spenders. Contribution to economic growth so develop for this class.

Trends:

• individuality
• tolerance
• networking

Question 15

GDP

Answer 15

Gross Domestic Product (value of the flows produced by an economy)

Question 16

GVA

Answer 16

Gross Value Added (ignores taxation and subsidies)

Question 17

Activity rate

Answer 17

Proportion of the population or working age population who contribute to the working force

Question 18

Unemployment rate

Answer 18

• more older people

- more unemployment

Question 19

Dependency ratio

Answer 19

Ratio of the total population to the economically (in)active population

Question 20

Wage rate

Answer 20

Amount paid for a certain type of job (decided by national pay bargaining or market forces)

Question 21

Purchasing power

Answer 21

Amount of goods and services that can be purchased with a certain amount of money

Question 22

Economic (export) base analysis

Answer 22

How much income an area earns elsewhere (basic industries, non-basic industries)

Question 23

Location quotients

Answer 23

Area’s proportionate share of some economic activity compared to the average

Question 24

Multiplier effect

Answer 24

Economic growth by growth in a particular sector