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ap classes > gov unit 2 vocab > Flashcards

gov unit 2 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Senate

A

Article 1. Senators have 6 year terms, 2 per State. Part of the Great Compromise, equal representation for states.

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2
Q

House of Representatives

A

Article 1. Representatives have 2 year terms, proportional to state population, 435 in total. Part of the Great Compromise, proportional representation.

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3
Q

Speaker of the House

A

is from the caucus majority and is Constitutionally mandated

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4
Q

President of the Senate

A

Vice President goes over debate in the Senate and gets a vote

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5
Q

Party Leadership

A

Members (Dems or Reps) who are chosen to reflect party interest

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6
Q

filibuster

A

busting. When 2+ legislative members prolong a debate to delay/prevent decision

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7
Q

cloture

A

procedure in Senate to put “timer” on consideration of a bill etc

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8
Q

holds

A

Obama thing with SCOTUS nomination. Where the Senate (a Senator) blocks consideration of a bill/nomination

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9
Q

rules committee

A

from the House; the schedule of the people. In charge of what bills go on the floor

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10
Q

committee of the whole

A

Meeting with all Representatives, has special rules to maintain order

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11
Q

discharge petition

A

“discharging” the Rules Committee and bringing bill to floor without their report/consideration

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12
Q

treaty ratification

A

president negotiates; Senate modifies/approves by a 2/3 majority; president can approve modifications or go back

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13
Q

confirmation role of the Senate

A

they give advice and consent; presidential nominations, treaties

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14
Q

conference committee

A

“ad hoc panel” (House and Senate) to reconcile differences in legislation

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15
Q

discretionary spending

A

passed by Congress and must be approved annually; defense, education, infrastructure etc spending

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16
Q

mandatory sending

A

budget; required by law. social security, medicare etc

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17
Q

pork barrel legislation

A

funding for local project that shimmied into a big bill, lame. Alaska “Bridge to Nowhere” that got $300 M

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18
Q

logrolling

A

combining several separate legislation to get votes; Big family Yule Log

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19
Q

gridlock

A

No action taken in Congress when there is no agreement; locked into nothing

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20
Q

gerrymandering

A

skewing district lines for the benefit of one political party; earmuff district in Chicago

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21
Q

reapportionment

A

process by which Congressional districts are redrawn/redistributed

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22
Q

redistricting

A

redrawing district lines; census based

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23
Q

divided government

A

One party has the president, the other party has the House; goes to a gridlock

24
Q

partisanship or polarization

A

voting based on Rep or Dem ONLY; party line voting

25
Q

lame duck

A

name for the end of the president’s term from Nov-Jan when not much gets done

26
Q

trustee

A

where an elected official believes they should use their own judgement and uses that to decide what is best to vote for

27
Q

delegate

A

where an elected official believes they should follow constituent’s wishes exclusively and acts for the voter only

28
Q

politico

A

mesh of trustee and delegate mindset; blends the needs of the constituent’s and the nation

29
Q

veto

A

president has 10 days to sign or say “no” to a bill

30
Q

pocket veto

A

can’t be overridden, bill received in final 10 days without signature; passive aggressive lame veto

31
Q

informal powers

A

powers not stated in the Constitution that presidents have adopted as necessary for executing the law

32
Q

formal powers

A

enumerated powers from the Constitution, like the president being “Commander in Chief” of the army

33
Q

executive orders

A

an immediate order, acts as a royal decree. Queenie FDR knows all about this one. Can’t be about money because that is Congress’ job

34
Q

cabinet

A

VP and 15 executive department advisors

35
Q

22nd Amendment

A

limits presidents to 2-terms; ratified in 1951. Shout-out Queenie FDR

36
Q

state of the union

A

an enumerated power. press conference where the president explains the state of affairs, empty proposals

37
Q

bully pulpit

A

tool to set agenda using media to “bully” opponents; Sleepy Joe, Ron DeSanctimonious

38
Q

Article 3

A

sets up judicial branch

39
Q

state decisis

A

upholding precedent; making new rulings based in past ruling

40
Q

precedent

A

past ruling

41
Q

judicial review

A

Supreme Court is allowed to interpret the Constitution and declare laws unconstitutional

42
Q

presidential appointments

A

President nominates Justices; Senate approves them

43
Q

life tenure

A

Justices hold the job for life

44
Q

judicial activism

A

the exercise of the power of judicial review to set aside government acts; Justice’s allow personal views on public policy to make rulings

45
Q

judicial restraint

A

caution in enforcing vague Constitution; judges should hesitate to strike down laws

46
Q

issue networks

A

alliance with interest groups, media, and experts to serve a certain public interest

47
Q

bureaucracy

A

huge, vast organization of executive employees that take care of federal government’s “enforcement”

48
Q

iron triangles

A

relations between Congress, agencies, and interest groups for “mutual benefit”

49
Q

political patronage

A

granting favors for political support no bueno

50
Q

civil service

A

permanent, professional branches of government administration; nonpartisan and merit based

51
Q

merit system

A

hiring and promoting government employees based on their ability to perform the job only

52
Q

discretionary and rule making authority

A

power of agencies to implement laws; given by Congress

53
Q

agencies

A

cabinet appointments, independent executive. FBI, CIA, TSA, EPA, Department of Homeland Security

54
Q

oversight

A

legislature (Congress holds hearings) determines if current law is appropriate/is having the intended effects

55
Q

power of the purse

A

Access to funding. Congress has all the money. Fed 78

56
Q

red tape

A

bad parts of bureaucracy; too much paperwork, repetitive agencies, corporate is frustrating

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