Got Och Blandat Flashcards
Organisational culture
A system of shared beliefs and values held by workers that form a dominant culture that is unique to the organisation.
Organisational culture, Core believes
Shared values
Shared beliefs
Norms
Individual and group behaviour
Reinforcing outcomes
Types of organisational cultures
Power culture
People culture
Task culture
Role culture
Motivation
Theoretical perspectives of motivation
The instrumental approach: The employee is rational and that motivation in purely economic.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: Based on the motivational concept of ‘drive’.
Theory X/Theory Y
Theory X: The average human dislike work and will avoid it if possible. People must be coerced, controlled, threatened, and directed.
Theory Y: Managers believe that freedom and free creativity motivates people.
Hertzberg- Hygiene factors and motivations: Two measurements: Satisfaction and dissatisfaction
Ethical frameworks
Moral principles: This approach is adopted when confronted with an ethical dilemma. Decisions are made on the basis of a recognised moral code.
Utilitarianism: Maxing favourable outcome for the greatest number of people.
Human rights: Beliefs and consensus on how actions affect the human rights.
Individualism: Taken by individuals who view and evaluate the environment in terms of the effect it has on them as individuals.
Institutional theory
A theory on the deeper and moire resilient aspects of social structure
Isomorphism
Coercive isomorphism: Companies become more similar to each others because they adopt values from each other.
Mimetic isomorphism: Imitating other companies.
Normative isomorphism: Not buy purpose—> indirectly—> through employees and managers changing company or have the same education.
The development of groups
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Decision making
Garbage can model
cause and effect is ambiguous and the key players do not know their preferred outcome. The decision is separate from the decision making process. Flexible, unstructured, creativity, and innovation.
Key streams that coalesce to inform decision making
Choice opportunities: pre-set times when decisions have to be made.
Participants: the people who have the influence to present opportunities
Problems: problems that concern people
Solutions: problems that require solutions
Types of control systems
Bureaucratic control: Implementation of rules, regulations, and procedures underpinned by formal authority.
Market control: Emphasis on economic criteria as a means of control.
Clan control: Refers to functions or activities within an organisation that are the locus of the workers’ shared beliefs, values, goals and/or expectations.
Competing values framework
Rational goal models of management
Open systems model
Human relations model
Internal process model
