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goniometry Flashcards

1
Q

what do normal RoMs vary with

A

age, gender, other conditions, training status, handedness

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2
Q

why is it important to consider positioning when measuring RoM

A

to limit passive insufficiency for biarticular muscles

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3
Q

what to look out for when measuring RoMs

A

degrees of movement, quality of movement, any pain/symptoms, differences between active and passive RoM

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4
Q

safety for goniometry

A

positioning for physio and patient, no socks when standing, don’t push too far

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4
Q

how to progress or regress when measuring RoM

A

overpressure for end feel, positioning may allow greater range, not to full range if pain provoking

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4
Q

cautions/contraindications for goniometry

A

fracture/dislocation/subluxation/other joint instability
stage of healing
myositis ossifications
hypermobility
haemophilia
osteoporosis
pain

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5
Q

generally, how to perform goniometry

A

estimate what would be sensible
measure start position
stabilise proximal to joint
distal part moves (active or passive)
measure at end of RoM
watch out for trick movements
compare BOTH sides, healthy side first

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6
Q

normal degrees of motion for hip flexion

A

ARoM: 110
PRoM: 120
120

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7
Q

normal degrees of motion for hip extension

A

ARoM: 10
PRoM: 15
30

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8
Q

normal degrees of motion for hip abduction

A

ARoM: 40
PRoM: 50
45

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9
Q

normal degrees of motion for hip adduction

A

ARoM: 25
PRoM: 30
30

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10
Q

normal degrees of motion for hip medial rotation

A

ARoM: 30
PRoM: 40
45

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11
Q

normal degrees of motion for hip lateral rotation

A

ARoM: 50
PRoM: 60
45

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12
Q

normal degrees of motion for knee internal rotation

A

10

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13
Q

normal degrees of motion for knee external rotation

A

30-40

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14
Q

normal degrees of motion for knee flexion

A

ARoM: 135
PRoM: 150
135

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15
Q

normal degrees of motion for knee extension

A

ARoM: 0
PRoM: up to 10
0

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16
Q

normal degrees of motion for dorsi flexion

A

20

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17
Q

normal degrees of motion for plantar flexion

A

50

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18
Q

normal degrees of motion for elbow flexion

19
Q

normal degrees of motion for elbow extension

20
Q

normal degrees of motion for elbow pronation

21
Q

normal degrees of motion for elbow supination

A

70 (80-90)

22
Q

normal degrees of motion for shoulder abduction

A

GHJ+scap = 180
GHJ = 90-120

23
normal degrees of motion for shoulder rotation
lat = 90 med = 70
24
normal degrees of motion for shoulder flexion
GHJ+scap = 180 GHJ = 120
25
normal degrees of motion for shoulder extension
60
26
normal degrees of motion for wrist flexion
80
27
normal degrees of motion for wrist extension
70
28
how to measure elbow flexion/extension
SP: supine or sitting, arm anatomical, towel under distal humerus S: humerus A: lateral epicondyle of humerus SA: parallel to humerus, point to tip of acromion process MA: parallel to radius, point to styloid process of radius
29
how to measure elbow pronation/supination
SP: sit or stand, elbow 90, palm face up A: just below ulnar styloid SA: parallel to humerus MA: bring down so rests across front of forearm, just below wrist
30
how to measure shoulder abduction
SP: supine or sitting, arm at side in add + lateral rotation S: weight of trunk A: midpoint of anterior or posterior aspect of GHJ, 1.3cm inferior + lateral to coracoid process SA: parallel to sternum (or posterior) MA: parallel to humerus
31
how to measure shoulder flexion, what compensatory to look out for
SP: crook or sitting, arm at side, palm face medially S: weight of trunk A: lateral aspect of centre of humeral head, 2.5cm inferior to lateral aspect of acromion process SA: parallel to lateral trunk midline MA: parallel to humerus * trunk extension, shoulder abd * to isolate GHJ, stabilise scapula
32
how to measure shoulder lateral rotation
SP: supine, 90 abd, 90 elbow, forearm mid, towel under humerus S: weight, hand over clavicle and coracoid process A: olecranon process of ulna SA: point to floor MA: parallel ulna, point to ulnar styloid process EP: dorsum of hand move towards floor
33
how to measure shoulder lateral rotation if normal position is contra, why contra
if Hx of anterior GHJ dislocation SP: sitting, add, elbow 90, forearm mid A: under olecranon process SA: perpendicular to trunk MA: parallel ulna EP: palm of hand move away from abdomen
34
how to measure wrist flexion/extension
SP: sitting, forearm on plinth, wrist over edge A: triquetrum (lateral) SA: parallel ulna MA: parallel 5th metacarpal
35
how to measure wrist radial /ulnar deviation
SP: sitting, forearm on plinth, wrist over edge A: capitate (medial) SA: parallel forearm, point to elbow lateral epicondyle MA: parallel middle finger
36
how to measure hip flexion, compensatory to look out for
SP: supine, hip + knee neutral, other hip flex or extend but be consistent S: weight of trunk, may stabilise ipsilateral pelvis A: greater trochanter of femur SA: parallel to midaxillary line of trunk MA: parallel to femur, point towards lateral epicondyle EP: max hip flex and knee flexed * posterior pelvic tilt, lumbar spine flexion
37
how to measure hip abduction/adduction, compensatory to look out for
SP: supine, anatomical S: may ipsilateral pelvis, contralateral limb abd, knee flex, foot on stool A: over ASIS of side being measured SA: along line joining 2 ASIS's MA: parallel femur, point to midline of patella * hip lateral rotate + flex, hiking of ipsilateral pelvis (start = 90, so 100 would be 10)
38
how to measure hip rotation
SP: sit, hip 90 flex, knee 90, towel under distal thigh, contralateral leg on stool; or in prone S: hold edge of plinth A: midpoint of patella SA: point at floor MA: parallel anterior midline of tibia
39
how to measure knee flexion/extension
SP: supine, anatomical, towel under distal thigh S: weight, stabilise femur A: knee lateral epicondyle SA: parallel femur, point to greater trochanter MA: parallel fibula, point to lateral malleolus
40
how to measure knee rotation
sitting 90:90 rotate ankle
41
how to measure ankle plantar/dorsiflexion
SP: supine, rolled towel under knee (20-30 flex), ankle plantigrade; or sitting, knee 90 S: tibia and fibula A: inferior to lateral malleolus SA: parallel fibula, point to head of fibula MA: parallel sole of heel (eliminate forefoot)
42
how to measure lumbar flexion
SP: stand, feet shoulder width EP: limit of flexion measure tip of 3rd finger to floor or anatomical landmark (eg tibial tubercle)
43
how to measure trunk lateral flexion, compensatory to look out for
SP: stand, feet shoulder width EP: limit lateral flex measure tip of 3rd finger to floor * trunk flex/extend, ipsilateral hip and knee flex, raising foot off floor
44
where to use tape measure for cervical spine flexion/extension
from tip of chin to sternal notch
45
where to use tape measure for cervical spine side flexion
from mastoid process to lateral aspect of acromion process
46
where to use tape measure for cervical spine rotation
from tip of chin to lateral aspect of acromion process

clinical physio (4 decks)

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