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clinical physio > goniometry > Flashcards

goniometry Flashcards

1
Q

what do normal RoMs vary with

A

age, gender, other conditions, training status, handedness

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2
Q

why is it important to consider positioning when measuring RoM

A

to limit passive insufficiency for biarticular muscles

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3
Q

what to look out for when measuring RoMs

A

degrees of movement, quality of movement, any pain/symptoms, differences between active and passive RoM

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4
Q

safety for goniometry

A

positioning for physio and patient, no socks when standing, don’t push too far

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4
Q

how to progress or regress when measuring RoM

A

overpressure for end feel, positioning may allow greater range, not to full range if pain provoking

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4
Q

cautions/contraindications for goniometry

A

fracture/dislocation/subluxation/other joint instability
stage of healing
myositis ossifications
hypermobility
haemophilia
osteoporosis
pain

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5
Q

generally, how to perform goniometry

A

estimate what would be sensible
measure start position
stabilise proximal to joint
distal part moves (active or passive)
measure at end of RoM
watch out for trick movements
compare BOTH sides, healthy side first

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6
Q

normal degrees of motion for hip flexion

A

ARoM: 110
PRoM: 120
120

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7
Q

normal degrees of motion for hip extension

A

ARoM: 10
PRoM: 15
30

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8
Q

normal degrees of motion for hip abduction

A

ARoM: 40
PRoM: 50
45

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9
Q

normal degrees of motion for hip adduction

A

ARoM: 25
PRoM: 30
30

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10
Q

normal degrees of motion for hip medial rotation

A

ARoM: 30
PRoM: 40
45

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11
Q

normal degrees of motion for hip lateral rotation

A

ARoM: 50
PRoM: 60
45

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12
Q

normal degrees of motion for knee internal rotation

A

10

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13
Q

normal degrees of motion for knee external rotation

A

30-40

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14
Q

normal degrees of motion for knee flexion

A

ARoM: 135
PRoM: 150
135

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15
Q

normal degrees of motion for knee extension

A

ARoM: 0
PRoM: up to 10
0

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16
Q

normal degrees of motion for dorsi flexion

A

20

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17
Q

normal degrees of motion for plantar flexion

A

50

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18
Q

normal degrees of motion for elbow flexion

A

55 (150)

19
Q

normal degrees of motion for elbow extension

A

15 (0)

20
Q

normal degrees of motion for elbow pronation

A

80-90

21
Q

normal degrees of motion for elbow supination

A

70 (80-90)

22
Q

normal degrees of motion for shoulder abduction

A

GHJ+scap = 180
GHJ = 90-120

23
Q

normal degrees of motion for shoulder rotation

A

lat = 90
med = 70

24
Q

normal degrees of motion for shoulder flexion

A

GHJ+scap = 180
GHJ = 120

25
Q

normal degrees of motion for shoulder extension

A

60

26
Q

normal degrees of motion for wrist flexion

A

80

27
Q

normal degrees of motion for wrist extension

A

70

28
Q

how to measure elbow flexion/extension

A

SP: supine or sitting, arm anatomical, towel under distal humerus
S: humerus
A: lateral epicondyle of humerus
SA: parallel to humerus, point to tip of acromion process
MA: parallel to radius, point to styloid process of radius

29
Q

how to measure elbow pronation/supination

A

SP: sit or stand, elbow 90, palm face up
A: just below ulnar styloid
SA: parallel to humerus
MA: bring down so rests across front of forearm, just below wrist

30
Q

how to measure shoulder abduction

A

SP: supine or sitting, arm at side in add + lateral rotation
S: weight of trunk
A: midpoint of anterior or posterior aspect of GHJ, 1.3cm inferior + lateral to coracoid process
SA: parallel to sternum (or posterior)
MA: parallel to humerus

31
Q

how to measure shoulder flexion, what compensatory to look out for

A

SP: crook or sitting, arm at side, palm face medially
S: weight of trunk
A: lateral aspect of centre of humeral head, 2.5cm inferior to lateral aspect of acromion process
SA: parallel to lateral trunk midline
MA: parallel to humerus
* trunk extension, shoulder abd
* to isolate GHJ, stabilise scapula

32
Q

how to measure shoulder lateral rotation

A

SP: supine, 90 abd, 90 elbow, forearm mid, towel under humerus
S: weight, hand over clavicle and coracoid process
A: olecranon process of ulna
SA: point to floor
MA: parallel ulna, point to ulnar styloid process
EP: dorsum of hand move towards floor

33
Q

how to measure shoulder lateral rotation if normal position is contra, why contra

A

if Hx of anterior GHJ dislocation
SP: sitting, add, elbow 90, forearm mid
A: under olecranon process
SA: perpendicular to trunk
MA: parallel ulna
EP: palm of hand move away from abdomen

34
Q

how to measure wrist flexion/extension

A

SP: sitting, forearm on plinth, wrist over edge
A: triquetrum (lateral)
SA: parallel ulna
MA: parallel 5th metacarpal

35
Q

how to measure wrist radial /ulnar deviation

A

SP: sitting, forearm on plinth, wrist over edge
A: capitate (medial)
SA: parallel forearm, point to elbow lateral epicondyle
MA: parallel middle finger

36
Q

how to measure hip flexion, compensatory to look out for

A

SP: supine, hip + knee neutral, other hip flex or extend but be consistent
S: weight of trunk, may stabilise ipsilateral pelvis
A: greater trochanter of femur
SA: parallel to midaxillary line of trunk
MA: parallel to femur, point towards lateral epicondyle
EP: max hip flex and knee flexed
* posterior pelvic tilt, lumbar spine flexion

37
Q

how to measure hip abduction/adduction, compensatory to look out for

A

SP: supine, anatomical
S: may ipsilateral pelvis, contralateral limb abd, knee flex, foot on stool
A: over ASIS of side being measured
SA: along line joining 2 ASIS’s
MA: parallel femur, point to midline of patella
* hip lateral rotate + flex, hiking of ipsilateral pelvis
(start = 90, so 100 would be 10)

38
Q

how to measure hip rotation

A

SP: sit, hip 90 flex, knee 90, towel under distal thigh, contralateral leg on stool; or in prone
S: hold edge of plinth
A: midpoint of patella
SA: point at floor
MA: parallel anterior midline of tibia

39
Q

how to measure knee flexion/extension

A

SP: supine, anatomical, towel under distal thigh
S: weight, stabilise femur
A: knee lateral epicondyle
SA: parallel femur, point to greater trochanter
MA: parallel fibula, point to lateral malleolus

40
Q

how to measure knee rotation

A

sitting
90:90
rotate ankle

41
Q

how to measure ankle plantar/dorsiflexion

A

SP: supine, rolled towel under knee (20-30 flex), ankle plantigrade; or sitting, knee 90
S: tibia and fibula
A: inferior to lateral malleolus
SA: parallel fibula, point to head of fibula
MA: parallel sole of heel (eliminate forefoot)

42
Q

how to measure lumbar flexion

A

SP: stand, feet shoulder width
EP: limit of flexion
measure tip of 3rd finger to floor or anatomical landmark (eg tibial tubercle)

43
Q

how to measure trunk lateral flexion, compensatory to look out for

A

SP: stand, feet shoulder width
EP: limit lateral flex
measure tip of 3rd finger to floor
* trunk flex/extend, ipsilateral hip and knee flex, raising foot off floor

44
Q

where to use tape measure for cervical spine flexion/extension

A

from tip of chin
to sternal notch

45
Q

where to use tape measure for cervical spine side flexion

A

from mastoid process
to lateral aspect of acromion process

46
Q

where to use tape measure for cervical spine rotation

A

from tip of chin
to lateral aspect of acromion process

clinical physio (4 decks)

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