goni for elbow and wrist

Question 1

elbow flexion and extension goni:
*patient position
*where are you stabilizing
*axis
*stationary arm
*moving arm
*normal ROM
* end feel

Answer 1

*patient position- supine with forearm supinated
*where are you stabilizing- humeral head
*axis- lateral epi
*stationary arm- acromion
*moving arm- midline of radius , radius styloid process
*normal ROM- 0- 150 °
* end feel- flexion: soft
extension: hard

Question 2

forearm pronation goni:
*patient position
*where are you stabilizing
*axis
*stationary arm
*moving arm
*normal ROM
* end feel

Answer 2

*patient position- sitting with elbow flexed to 90° & pully pronated
*where are you stabilizing- elbow
*axis- lateral to the ulnar styloid process
*stationary arm- midline of humerus / perpen with ground
*moving arm- dorsal surfaces of wrist, parallel to the styloid processes
*normal ROM- 80°
* end feel- firm

Question 3

forearm supination goni:
*patient position
*where are you stabilizing
*axis
*stationary arm
*moving arm
*normal ROM
* end feel

Answer 3

*patient position- sitting with elbow at 90° of flexion and fully supinated
*where are you stabilizing- elbow
*axis- medial to the ulnar styloid process
*stationary arm- midline of humerus
*moving arm- ventral surfaces of wrist, parallel to the styloid processes
*normal ROM- 80°
* end feel- firm

Question 4

wrist flexion / extension goni:
*patient position
*where are you stabilizing
*axis
*stationary arm
*moving arm
*normal ROM
* end feel

Answer 4

*patient position- sitting with forearm supported on table with arm in 90-90 position
*where are you stabilizing- forearm
*axis- just to the side of the triquetrum (distal to ulnar styloid process)
*stationary arm- lateral midline of ulna
*moving arm- midline of 5th metacarpal
*normal ROM- flexion: 80
extension: 70
* end feel- firm

Question 5

wrist radia/ ulnar deviation goni:
*patient position
*where are you stabilizing
*axis
*stationary arm
*moving arm
*normal ROM
* end feel

Answer 5

*patient position- sitting with forearm supported on table with arm in 90-90 position
*where are you stabilizing- forearm
*axis- dorsal aspect of wrist over the capitate
*stationary arm- midline of forearm towards lateral epi
*moving arm- midline of 3rd metacarpal
*normal ROM- radial: 20°
ulnar: 30°
* end feel- RD: hard
UD: firm