Goljy 8 Neoplasia

Question 1

Benign tumors

Answer 1

epithelial or connective tissue origin

Question 2

epithelial tissue origin

Answer 2

ectoderm, endoderm

Question 3

connective tissue origin

Answer 3

mesoderm

Question 4

teratoma

Answer 4

derives from ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

Question 5

carcinomas

Answer 5

derive from squamous, glandular (adenocarcinoma), transitional epithelium

Question 6

sarcomas

Answer 6

derive from connective tissue

Question 7

hamartoma

Answer 7

non-neoplastic overgrowth of tissue

Question 8

choristoma

Answer 8

normal tissue where it should not be

Question 9

parenchyma

Answer 9

neoplastic component

Question 10

malig tumors

Answer 10

increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio; abnormal mitotic spindles30 doubling times before detectedupregulation telomerase activity

Question 11

basal cell carcinomas of the skin

Answer 11

invade tissue but do not met.

Question 12

invasion

Answer 12

second most impt. criterion for maligloss of cell adherence = cell invasion

Question 13

resist invasion

Answer 13

cartilage, elastic tissue

Question 14

met routes

Answer 14

lymph, blood, seeding of body cavities

Question 15

seeding

Answer 15

common with surface derived ovarian cancers

Question 16

bone mets

Answer 16

most common site is vertebra, paravertebral venous plexusosteoblastic (radiodense)osteolytic (radio lucent)

Question 17

osteoblastic mets

Answer 17

increased serum alk phos

Question 18

osteolyticmets

Answer 18

potential for hypercalcemia, pathologic fractures

Question 19

most common cancer in kids

Answer 19

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 20

cancer in men

Answer 20

prostate, lung, colorectal

Question 21

cancer in women

Answer 21

breast, lung, colorectal

Question 22

Gyn cancer

Answer 22

endometrium, ovary, cervical

Question 23

most common cause of cancer death in adults

Answer 23

lung cancer

Question 24

Actinic keratosis

Answer 24

precursor of squamous cell carcinoma

Question 25

PSA

Answer 25

more sensitive than specific

Question 26

HBV immz

Answer 26

decreases hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 27

point mutations

Answer 27

most common type of mutation in cancer

Question 28

Proto oncogenes

Answer 28

involved in normal growth and repair

Question 29

suppressor genes

Answer 29

protect against unregulated cell growth

Question 30

BCL2 gene family

Answer 30

antiapoptosis genes

Question 31

BAX

Answer 31

apoptosis gene

Question 32

Repair genes

Answer 32

correct errors in nucleotide pairing; excise pyrrimidine dimers

Question 33

enzymes involved in dimer excision

Answer 33

endonuslease, exonuclease, polymerase, ligase

Question 34

chemical carcinogenesis

Answer 34

initiation to promotion to progression

Question 35

Pathogens and cancer

Answer 35

Viruses>bacteria>parasites

Question 36

Leukemia

Answer 36

most common cancer due to ionizing radiation

Question 37

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 37

most common cancer due to excessive UV light

Question 38

cytotoxic CD8 T cells

Answer 38

most effective host defense against cancer

Question 39

Cachexia

Answer 39

TNF alpha pivotal rolewasting disease

Question 40

Anemia of chronic disease

Answer 40

most common anemia in cancer

Question 41

hemostasis in malignancy

Answer 41

thrombogenic

Question 42

gram neg sepsis

Answer 42

most common cause of death in cancer

Question 43

hypercalcemia

Answer 43

most common paraneoplastic syndrome

Question 44

acanthosis nigricans

Answer 44

may be associated with stomach cancer

Question 45

signs of ectopic hormone production

Answer 45

hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, hypercotisolism, polycythemia

Question 46

Hormone tumor marker

Answer 46

calcitonin (medullary carcinoma of thyroid)