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Goljy Unit 9 > Goljan 7 Nutrition > Flashcards

Goljan 7 Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

most impt factor in determining daily energy expenditureincreased in hyperthyroiddecreased in hypothyroid

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2
Q

Carb digestion

A

begins in the mouth4 kcal/g

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3
Q

disaccharidases

A

produce glucos, galactose, fructose

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4
Q

amino acids

A

substrates for gluconeogenesis

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5
Q

protein digestion

A

begins in the stomach, pepsin and acid

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6
Q

essential FA’s

A

linolenic (o-3), linoleic (O-6) acids

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7
Q

fat digestion

A

begins in small intestinepancrease –> bile salts/acids –> intestinal cells

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8
Q

kwashiorkor

A

inadequate protein intakepitting edema is characteristicfatty liver - decreased apoB synthesis; VLDL synthesis

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9
Q

marasmus

A

total calorie deprivationextreme muscle wasting is common

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10
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

distorted body imagesecondary amenorrhea; osteoperosisventricular arrythmia is most common cause of death

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11
Q

bulimia volmitin

A

produces hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

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12
Q

obesity

A

abdominal visceral fat is most importantincreased adipose causes decreased synthesis of insulin receptors

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13
Q

leptin

A

hormone that maintains energy balance (intake and output)leptin gene is often defective in obesity

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14
Q

beta carotenemia

A

yellow skin, white sclera

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15
Q

Vitamin A

A

vision, cell differentiation, growth/reproductionnight blindness is first sign of deficiency

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16
Q

vit A in treatment

A

acne, acute promyelocytic leukemia

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17
Q

sunlight

A

major source of vit Dliver and kidney hydroxylationbone mineralization; maintain serum calcium and phosphorus

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18
Q

renal failure

A

most common cause of vit D deficiency

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19
Q

Vit E

A

cell membrane antioxidant

decreases synthesis of vitamin K- dependant coag factors

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20
Q

vit K

A

K = Klotting
majority synthesized by colonic bacteria
gamma carboxylates II, VII, IX, X - newborns need injection

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21
Q

broad spectrum antibiotics

A

Most common cause of vit k def in hospital

22
Q

Thiamine, deficiency

A

B1 - present in outer shell and seed of grain
important in ATP synthesis
deficiency from alcohol and unenriched rice diet

23
Q

Riboflavin

A

B2 - FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) and FMN (flavin mononucleotide) in citric acid cycle

24
Q

Niacin

A

B3 - NAD and NADP cofactors

25
Q

corn based diets

A

deficient in tryptophan and niacin

26
Q

tryptophan, deficiency?

A

used to synthesize niacin - deficiency causes hartnup disease (inborn inability to resorb tryptophan) and carcinoid syndrome (tryptophan used up in synthesis of serotonin)

27
Q

Niacin deficiency

A

3 ds of pellagra: dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia

28
Q

pyridoxine

A

B6 - heme synthesis, transamination, neurotransmitters

29
Q

isoniazid therapy

A

most common cause of pyridoxine deficiency

30
Q

Vit B12

A

only in animal products

DNA synthesis, odd chain fatty acid synthesis

31
Q

pernicious anemia

A

most common consequence of vit B12 def

32
Q

folic acid

A

DNA synthesis

33
Q

goat milk

A

lacks folate and pyridoxine

34
Q

alcohol excess

A

most common cause of folate def.

35
Q

biotin deficiency

A

eating raw eggs

36
Q

ascorbic acid

A

vit C - C = Collagen

collagen synthesis, antioxidant, reducing agentcofactor conversion dopamine to noepinephrine

37
Q

scurvy

A

deficiency of ascorbic acid (vit C) - weak tensile strength of collagen = weak bones, hemorrhage, poor wound healing

38
Q

zinc def

A

poor wound healing, dysgeusia, perioral rash

39
Q

iodide def

A

multi-nodular goiter

40
Q

chromium

A

useful in diabetics because cofactor in insulin (facilitates binding of glucose to muscle/adipose)

41
Q

selenium, deficiency causes

A

antioxidant (deficiency causes muscle pain/weakness, dilated cardiomyopathy)

42
Q

fluoride, deficiency causes

A 
component of calciom hydroxyapatite
def causes dental carries
43
Q

fiber

A

soluble and insoluble typesdecreased risk for sigmoid diverticulosis, certain cancers, heart disease
soluble can lower cholesterol (soften stool)

44
Q

sodium restriction

A

hypertension, heart failure, chronic liver/kidney disease

45
Q

protein restricted diet

A

chronic renal failure, cirrhosis

46
Q

Biotin

A

cofactor in carboxylase reactions (pyruvate –> OAA and propionyl CoA –> methylmalonyl CoA)

47
Q

Wilson’s Disease

A

Copper excess - AR

ring around eye, parkinsonism, dementia, LIVER DISEASE

48
Q

Beriberi and Wernicke

A

Vitamin B1 deficiency diseases
Beriberi: demyelination
Wernicke: like you’re drunk

49
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

Vit: ADKE (adirondacks ADK +E)
typically function for growth and development of tissues, neutralization of free radicals, bone mineralization, maintenance of calcium

50
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

usually used as cofactors in reactions

Pete is a water soluble vitamin

51
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

fat malabsorption due to thick and sticky secretions

increased risk of vitamin E deficiency

52
Q

abetalipoproteinemia

A

chylomicrons accumulate in villi and prevent micelle reabsorption

Goljy Unit 9 (5 decks)

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