golgi apparatus Flashcards
What is the Golgi apparatus?
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transport.
Where is the Golgi apparatus located in the cell?
Located near the nucleus in the cytoplasm.
What are the main functions of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifying proteins, sorting proteins, and packaging proteins into vesicles for transport.
What are the flattened sacs in the Golgi apparatus called?
Cisternae.
True or False: The Golgi apparatus plays a role in lipid metabolism.
True.
What is the name of the process where the Golgi apparatus adds sugar molecules to proteins?
Glycosylation.
Which type of vesicles transport proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane?
Secretory vesicles.
What is the name of the side of the Golgi apparatus that faces the endoplasmic reticulum?
Cis face.
What is the name of the side of the Golgi apparatus that faces the cell membrane?
Trans face.
What is the name of the disease caused by a defect in the Golgi apparatus function?
Golgi apparatus-specific diseases are rare, but defects can lead to various disorders.
Which organelle is often compared to the Golgi apparatus in terms of function?
Endoplasmic reticulum.
True or False: The Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis of ribosomes.
False.
What is the Golgi apparatus named after?
Named after Camillo Golgi, the Italian scientist who discovered it in 1898.
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells?
Processing and packaging proteins for secretion.
Which cellular process does the Golgi apparatus play a crucial role in during cell division?
Formation of the cell plate during cytokinesis.
What are the small vesicles that transport materials between the Golgi apparatus and other organelles called?
Transport vesicles.
What is the pH level inside the Golgi apparatus?
Slightly acidic.
Which organelle supplies the Golgi apparatus with proteins for modification and packaging?
Endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for removing mannose residues from glycoproteins in the Golgi apparatus?
Mannosidase.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in lysosome formation?
It processes enzymes that are later transported to lysosomes.
True or False: The Golgi apparatus is involved in the breakdown of damaged organelles.
False.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in cell signaling?
It modifies and packages proteins involved in cell signaling pathways.
What is the name of the model that describes the transport of proteins through the Golgi apparatus?
Cisternal maturation model.
What is the name of the protein coat that helps vesicles bud off from the Golgi apparatus?
COP (coat protein) complex.
What is the name of the protein that functions as a molecular switch to regulate vesicle trafficking in the Golgi apparatus?
Rab protein.
What is the name of the disease caused by a deficiency in enzymes required for glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus?
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG).
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in animal cells?
Processing and packaging proteins for secretion.
What is the name of the process where proteins are sorted and packaged into vesicles in the Golgi apparatus?
Membrane trafficking.
True or False: The Golgi apparatus is involved in energy production.
False.
What is the name of the organelle that receives vesicles from the Golgi apparatus for further processing?
Endosomes.
What is the name of the protein that helps in the fusion of vesicles with the target membrane in the Golgi apparatus?
SNARE proteins.
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for adding phosphate groups to proteins in the Golgi apparatus?
Kinase.
