Goldman Applantation Tonometer

Question 1

what is the normal IOP

Answer 1

10-22mmHg

Question 2

what does hypotony mean

Answer 2

IOP drops below normal

Question 3

signs of ocular hypertension

Answer 3

higher than 22mmHg and additional testing reveals no presence of glaucoma

Question 4

what is ocular profusion pressure

Answer 4

relationship between IOP and systematic blood pressure

Question 5

what is the average corneal thickness

Answer 5

0.55mm

Question 6

what is applantation =

Answer 6

measures the force required to flatten the standard area of cornea

Question 7

what is the contact GAT tip measurement

Answer 7

6mm diameter

Question 8

contact GAT diameter of flattened area (with correct amount of pressure is)

Answer 8

3.06mm

Question 9

what is perkins

Answer 9

is a contact hand-held applantation tonometer

-readings are within 1mmHg difference compared to GAT

Question 10

what is the non-contact applantation tonometry (air puff test) accuracy

Answer 10

2. 7mmHg
   - which is 3mmHg higher compared to GAT
   - multiple tests can be preformed to get an average (won’t drop the IOP)
   - the lowest number is used

Question 11

explain the non-contact tonometry - Diation

Answer 11

hand-held, pen-like device, measures through the eye lid (calibrated daily)

Question 12

what is pachymetry

Answer 12

measures the thickness of the cornea

Question 13

what is the Schirmes tear test for

Answer 13

establishes if there is adequate QUANTITY of tears

Question 14

what does the BUT (tear break-up time) used for

Answer 14

establishes if there is sufficient coverage of the tears, and will identify the QUALITY of the tears

• topical anesthetic used with fluorescein
• slit lamp with blue filter
• normal = 15 seconds

Question 15

what is the Tear Lab

Answer 15

measures osmolarity (salt content)

Question 16

what are 3 types of DEFICIENT photoreceptors

Answer 16

red cones = protanomaly
green cones = deuteranomaly
blue cones = tritanomaly

Question 17

if all 3 photorecptors are present, but 1 is deficent =

Answer 17

anomalous trichromal

Question 18

what are 3 types of ABSENT photoreceptors

Answer 18

red cones = protanopia
green cones = deuteranopia
blue cones = tritanopia

Question 19

microbial control - sanitization =

Answer 19

removal of pathogens from objects to meet public health standards

Question 20

what is microbial control for antisepsis =

Answer 20

reduction of microorganisms and virus on living tissue

Question 21

what is microbial control for disinfection =

Answer 21

destruction of microorganisms on non-living tissue

Question 22

what is microbial control for sterilization =

Answer 22

destruction of microorganisms and virus in or on an object

Question 23

what is microbial control for aseptic =

Answer 23

a procedure of environment free of pathogenic contaminants

Question 24

ocular infectious agent bacteria are

Answer 24

prokaryotic cells

Question 25

ocular infectious agent fungi are

Answer 25

eukaryotic cells

Question 26

ocular infectious agent protozoa are

Answer 26

eukaryotic cells

Question 27

ocular infectious agent helminths are

Answer 27

eukaryotic cells

Question 28

ocular infectious agent viruses are

Answer 28

microbes

Question 29

ocular infectious agent prions are

Answer 29

pathogens

Question 30

how to disinfect an insturment, and what do you use?

Answer 30

Bleach 1:10 ratio, soak for 5 min
Alcohol, wipe for 5 seconds (70% effective)
remove disinfectant residue with distilled water