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Iris innervation
- sphincter
- dilator
S: stroma, CN3 PNS via SPCN
D: ant epith, SNS via LPCN and SPCN
Motor
- corticospinal
- basal ganglia
- cerebellum
Strength
Scale
Accuracy
Corticospinal
- LMN = 0/1
- LMN = 3/4
Reduced/absent = dorsal brainstem
Exaggerated = ventral
Visual system: retinotopic mapping
- inferior VF
- superior VF
- central
- peripheral
Inf: parietal lobe, upper bank calcarine sulcus
Sup: Meyer’s loop, lower bank
Central: toward occipital pole
Periph: toward anterior end of sulcus (medial surface only)
Thalamic nuclei damage
-unilateral infarct causes
Contralateral hemianopia
Where is the damage
- cortical blindness
- alexia
- blindsight
CB: bilateral PVC damage -> lose entire VF
A: occipital section -> problems reading
BS: PVC
*all primary visual/striate cortex
Describe blindsight
Cortical blindness + ability to ID lines/motion
Abolished by damage to LGN
VF losses: damage to PVC
- unilateral
- bilateral
- ischemic (e.g. PCA occlusion)
- ischemic + splenium
U: homonymous hemianoipia
B: cortical blindness
I: homonymous hemianopia
I+S: alexia without agraphia
Where is the damage
-achromatopsia (loss of all color vision)
Ventral occipital cortex
Hemineglect
- where is the damage
- which side is normally affected
Larger area of parietal
Usually L neglect due to R damage
Parietal-occipital-temporal
-functions
Multisensory integratoin
Talks to FEF, helps guide eye movements
Process letters, numbers, math
Parietal-occipital-temporal
- Balint syndrome
- Gertsmanns syndrome
- what other
B: simultagnosia, optic ataxia, ocular apraxia
G: alexia, acalculia, R/L disorientation
Dyslexia
Stroke
-most common artery
MCA
Blood supply
- optic tract
- LGN
Anterior choroidal
Thalamogeniculate
Blood supply
- anterior system
- posterior system
Internal carotid
Vertebro-basilar
MCA supplies (4)
Basal ganglia
Internal capsule
Corona radiata
Optic radiations (esp inf division)
ACA territory big picture
Medial supply = spares visual system for most part
Where is the infarct
- voluntary lateral gaze
- broca’s aphasia (output)
Superior MCA
Where is the infarct
- object + spatial visual systems
- VF + EOMs intact
- Wernicke’s aphasia (lack comprehension)
Inferior MCA
Where is the infarct
- VF loss
- memory affected
- may have hemianopia, MCA generally rescues central vision
PCA
Where is the infarct
-hemianopia (-) macular sparing
LGN
Where is the infarct
- hemiplegic gait
- lower ipsi face weakness
Internal capsule
Where is the infarct
- ipsi Horners, miosis
- imbalance
- nystagmus with slow towards ipsi side
Lateral medulla (Wallenberg)
Where is the infarct
-left abducens palsy
Medial pons
Where is the infarct
- ispi CN3 palsy, ptosis, pupillary constriction
- peduncle/cerebri = contralateral hemiparalysis, UMN signs
MB (Webers)
Where is the damage
-visual agnosia (lose object recognition)
Temporal or occipital gyri
Where is the damage
-prospagnosia (can’t recognize faces)
Fusiform gyri
Wheres the damage
-anomia (can recognize, not name objects)
Wernicke’s
