3 - Retinal Disorders III Flashcards
Which can be congenital:
- toxoplasmosis
- toxocariasis
- cat scratched
- presumed ocular histo
Toxoplasmosis
Which has typical triad:
- toxoplasmosis
- toxocariasis
- cat scratched
- presumed ocular histo
Toxoplasmosis
- chorioretinal scar
- hydrocephalus
- intracranial calcification
Systemic infectious diseases
-toxoplasmosis
—what it is
—neuro and muscular tissue
Obligate intracellular protozoan parasite
- cat definitive host
- T. gondii
ADD, seizures, Parkinsons, Tourettes, bipolar, schizophrenia
Systemic infectious diseases
-toxoplasmosis
—when see symptoms
Usually asymptomatic, esp congenital cases
Symptoms with immunocompromised
Systemic infectious diseases
-toxoplasmosis
—ocular findings (activated) (6)
Focal*** necrotizing retinitis
Satellite lesions***
Spill over into AC
Headlight in fog/severe vitritis***
Massive granuloma
Juxtapapillary retinochoroiditis
Systemic infectious diseases -toxocariasis —what —who —source
Helminthic infection of roundworm
Younger indiv
Soil, feces, puppy saliva
- usually dog round worm***
- vs plasmosis, cariasis is ALWAYS aquired
Systemic infectious diseases
-toxocariasis
—ocular findings (6)
Leukocoria***
Vitritis
RD
Macular granuloma
Peripheral granuloma
Chronic endophthalmitis
Systemic infectious diseases
-presumed ocular histoplasmosis (POH)
—what
—source
Mycoses in humans
Primary infection = lung
Droppings from chickens, bats
Systemic infectious diseases
-presumed ocular histoplasmosis (POH)
—symptoms
90% of infections are benign and asymptomatic***
Systemic infectious diseases
-presumed ocular histoplasmosis (POH)
—ocular findings (3)
Histo spots***
- round/oval
- sharp, demarcated
- yellow-white scars, may be pigmented
- multiple, 1/8-1/2 DD size
- bilateral
- PP and equator
Peripapillary atrophy***
Exudative maculopathy (4.5%)
Systemic infectious diseases -cat scratch —infection type —systemic —duration
Bacterial
Lymphadenopathy, fever, malaise
Most self-limited to 3-4mo
Systemic infectious diseases
-cat scratch
—ocular findings (4)
White retinal/choroidal lesions (most common)
OH swelling
Exudates around macula
Central scotoma
Systemic inflammatory diseases
-sarcoidosis
—what
—systemic
Wide spread, non-caseating epithelioid cell granuloma
Fever, malaise, weight loss, shortness of breath, parotid adenopathy, lac gland dysfunction, joint disease
Cutaneous lesions
- erythma nodosum
- lupus perinio
Systemic inflammatory diseases
-sarcoidosis
—ocular findings (8)
Eyelid nodules***
Con/lac gland infiltration
Acute/chronic anterior uveitis***
Periphlebitis (candle wax drippings)***
Spillover retinitis
Pre-retinal nodules
Massive granulomas under lids***
Choroiditis
Systemic inflammatory diseases -SLE —what —systemic - most affected —clinical course
Autoimmune disease of CT
Most affected: joints, skin, BVs, heart, kidney, lungs, liver, CNS
-hx of athralgia + fever 92%
Spontaneous remission and relapse
-often elusive
Systemic inflammatory diseases
-SLE
—cuteaneous lesions (5)
Discoid lupus
Malar flush
Mucus membr ulcer
Scarring alopecia
UV sensitivity
Systemic inflammatory diseases
-SLE
—ocular findings (6)
Eyelid edema
Conj- and keratitis
Uveitis
Epi/scleritis
Occlusive vasculitis of retina and choriocap
-ischemic sequelae of NVD, NVEM RD
Ischemic optic neuropathy
Systemic inflammatory diseases -VKH —aka —what —who
Uveomeningeal syndrome
Autoimmune disease*** caused by chronic inflamm of melanocytes - eye, skin, meninges, ear
Asia, parts of Latin America
Systemic inflammatory diseases
-VKH
—most common symptoms (6)
HA
Uveitis
-bilateral granulomatous
Vitiligo
Alopecia
Dizziness/nausea (inner ear prob)
Vision + hearing loss
-develop first***
Systemic inflammatory diseases
-VKH
—specific ocular findings (4)
Inferior exudative RDs
-RPE eventually becomes severely depigmented, ultimately leading to “sunset glow fundus” appearance
Synechiae and cataract formation are common
AC may become shallow
40% develop glaucoma (open or closed angle)
