God Flashcards
Where does the belief in monotheism come from
- in the early centuries Jews believed that other Gods existed but shuld not be worshipped – sinai covenant
- development of monotheism can be seen in the Old testament writings of the prophets
- classic statement of monotheism is found in the Jewish statement of faith known as the Shema
quotations about monotheism
- ‘I am the first and I am the last; apart from me there is no God’ – Isaiah 44:6
- ‘Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession’ – Exodus 19:5
what is ethical monotheism
- belief in one God includes also following the moral codes linked to that belief
- 10 commandments
what are the three approaches to the belief in God as a creator?
- a minority of christians think in terms of the universe coming out of Gods being. Most reject this because it limits God
- most christians accept that it was created ex nihilo
- process theology
what are the four beliefs about god as an omnipotent controller of all things
- the biblical references to god as king express the belief that everything is subject to gods control
- most christians believe that god not only created the universe, he also sustains it
- the ethical teachings found in the bible show how god sustains human life in the spiritual as well as the physical sense
- most christians believe that god is omniscient which creates issues for the the problem of evil and human free will
what are the three approaches to the concept of omniscience
- god knows past, present and future absolutely and in a causative sense. this means that he controls everything that goes on in the universe, including human actions. this is theological determinism
- because god exists beyond space and time, spatio temporal language is not appropriate but we have to use it because its all we have
- according to Swinburne, god exists within time and knows all that is logically possible for god to know. this means he cannot be the cause of human future choice, because he cannot know them, though he might be able to predict them
why do many christians believe in the trinity
- for some christians, trinitarian belief is implied in the old testament
- the hebrew word for often used in the old testament for god (elohim) is plural
- in genesis 1, god as the ‘father’ of the universe created through his word and his spirit broods over the watery chaos
why is the doctrine of the trinity important
- it connects with christian beliefs about sin and atonement
- those who believe in original sin believe that god sacrificed his son to atone for humanities sin
- the trinity explains the paradoxical claim that god is both transcendent and immanent
- moltmann described the relationship of the trinity as that of mutual self giving and receiving love. this is to be reflected in human relationships
what does john 10:30 say
- the father and i are one
what are the two possible ways of understanding the word ‘one’ in john 10:30
- ‘one’ as referring to common essence; ‘of one being with the father’ is the phrase used in the nicene creed
- ‘one’ as referring to a unity of purpose; gods purpose for humanity and Jesus’ mission were in harmony
arguments to support the idea that john 10:30 referred to a unity of essence
- the idea of preexistence is present in:
- John 1:1-2 which states that the world was in
the beginning with god - 8:58 where jesus states ‘before abraham
was, i am
- John 1:1-2 which states that the world was in
- the jews who had asked the question regarded his answer as blasphemous and wanted to stone him to death
what are some arguments supporting ‘one’ meaning unity of purpose in john 10:30
- john 18: where jesus prays that he and his disciples might be one
- in part of this discussion with the jews, jesus said that he was simply doing god’s work
other arguments to consider when deciding whether ‘one’ means unity of essence or purpose – john 10:30
- jesus spoke aramaic, so what he said might have been distorted in the translation into greek
- johns gospel was written over 60 years after the crucifixion, which gives another possible reason for distortion
- many scholars believe johns gospel was an interpretation of the life and teaching of jesus as recorded in earlier traditions and gospels
- one of the reasons for johns gospel was the need to combat heresy, so this may have slanted the text
what is 1 corinthians 8:6
- yet for us there is but one god, the father, from whom all things came and from whom we live; and there is but one lord, jesus christ through whom all things came and through whom we live
what is the purpose of 1 corinthians 8:6
- part of st pauls reply to a question raised by christians in corinth as to whether it was permissable to eat meat from animals that had been sacrificed in pagan temples