Goals Flashcards
define and understand better what “organizational behavior” is
The systematic study and application of knowledge (principles) about individuals, groups, and organizations that will help you understand and manage people at work
By understanding principles pertaining to yourself, other individuals, teams, & organizations, you can become a more effective member, creator, and leader of organizations
understand the concept of evidence based management and the types of evidence that can help in management decision making
Asking Acquiring Appraising Aggregating Apply Assessing TYPES: Scientific, ORG., Experiential, STAKEHOLDER
interactionist perspective (i.e., Lewin’s Equation)
B=f(P,E)
Understand the two types of values and where they come from
Instrumental - how do i go about it? (means values)
Terminal - what needs to be accomplished/end goals (end values)
Understand what personality is, and the two most common tests used to assess personality
persona - Mask
Personality is the supreme realization of the innate idiosyncrasy of a living being. psychophysical systems that create a person’s characteristic patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings.
Big Five
MBTI
Understand the strengths and limits of personality testing
Strengths: Build diverse teams, Match people with roles. Big 5 can be use din hiring.
Cons: MBTI isn’t expecially reliable, and can change over time.
Understand the relationship between needs and motivation:
Maslow’s Hierarchy
Self-Actualization Esteem Love/belonging Safety Physiological
Understand the relationship between needs and motivation:
ERG
Existence:Safety
Physiological
Relatedness:Love/belonging
Growth:Self-Actualization
EsteemUnderstand the relationship between needs and motivation:
Two Factor Theory
Factors of satisfaction (motivators) are not the same as factors of dissatisfaction (hygiene)
•Factors of satisfaction (motivators) are not the same as factors of dissatisfaction (hygiene)
•Focusing on Existence Factors will eliminate dissatisfaction•Focusing on Relatedness and Growth Factors will increase satisfaction
Understand how to create effective goals:
SMART
Specific Measurable Aggressive Realistic Time-bound
Understand common problems in linking goal attainment and rewards:
Focus Problem
most organisms seek information concerning what activities are rewarded and then seek to do (or at least pretend to do) those things often to the virtual exclusion of activities not rewarded
Understand common problems in linking goal attainment and rewards:
Controllability Problem
rewarding employees for individual performance when performance is influenced by factors beyond an individual’s control (including other individuals)
Understand common problems in linking goal attainment and rewards:
Alignment Problem
unintentionally rewarding employees for one behavior while hoping for a different behavior
Understand common problems in linking goal attainment and rewards:
Expectancy Problem
Will my effort lead to high performance?
Make sure employees have proper skills, abilities, and knowledge
Environment facilitates performance
Encourage > effort makes a difference
Understand common problems in linking goal attainment and rewards:
Instrumentality Problem
Will performance lead to outcomes?
Reward employee performance
Inform people in adv. about rewards
Try to eliminate non-performance influence over rewards
Understand common problems in linking goal attainment and rewards:
Valence Problem
Do i find the outcomes desirable?
Find rewards that are desirable to emp.
Make sure rewards are viewed as fair
Give employees choice over rewards
Understand common problems in linking goal attainment and rewards:
Equity Problem
Distributive Justice: People are motivated by the relative value of external rewards.
Make sure my outcomes/inputs is proportionate to other’s outcomes/inputs.
Procedural Justice: The process of making decisions/allocating rewards
Interactional Justice: How you are treated
Understand the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivationis motivation that is generated by some incentive or punishment that depends on task performance
Intrinsic motivationis motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward.
Understand how to Calculate an MPS score
MPS =
(Skill Variety + Task Identity +Task Significance)/3 * Autonomy *Job Feedback
Understand cultural message about work and how they affect your work expectations
Message #1: For Most…Work is Miserable
Message #2: Find Your “Calling” or Passion “Deeply fulfilling work that an individual believes makes the world a better place” ~(Wrzesniewski, et al., 1997).
FIVE HERESIES•You might have a calling if you are lucky, or you might not•You have to find your one true calling in order to be fulfilled•When you find your calling, work will be bliss.•Finding a calling means that the world will take notice.•Meaningfulness in life is to be found at work
Understand what really makes work
meaningful
Privde for onself/family - contribute - Become like our Savior, glory to the Lord.
JOB CRAFTING
Understand the job crafting perspective and what it implies for you as a worker
Tasks - Change boundaries
Relationships - You can change the nature or extent of your interactions with other people.(Mentor)
Perceptions: You can change how you think about the purpose of certain aspects of your job; or you can reframe the job as a whole. (advancing in field vs managing projects)
Understand the factors that affect ones power
•Capacity to punish (Coercive) •Capacity to reward (Reward) •Authority/Sanctioned Position (Legitimate) •Expertise (Expert) •Desire to Emulate (Referent) •Dependence ~Scarcity~Importance~Substitutability
Understand the effects of power on the
powerful
•Powerful people are more likely to place their own interests above others
•Powerful people are more likely to objectify others
•Powerful people are more likely to see relationships as more peripheral
•Powerful people are more likely to react negatively to threats to their competence
•Powerful people are more likely to be overconfident in their decision making
•Especially if:~You have certain personality characteristics (Narcissism)~The system lacks checks and balances~Those with low status gain power
Except when:–People have strong values to help others–Morals are core to one’s identity–They are embedded in a system with strong checks and balances
