Goal A: Photosynthesis Flashcards
How does photosynthesis relate to the carbon cycle?
Plants
- Take CO2 from the atmosphere
- Preform CR and release CO2
- Decompose into fossil fuels
- Provide Carbon to consumers
Where do plants gain most of their mass from?
95% of plant mass is from CO2
What is the Law of Conservation of Matter? How does it apply to PS?
LCM: Matter cannot be created nor destroyed; it can only change form
Applied to PS: Plants get mass from CO2. Number of atoms stays.
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? How does it apply to PS?
LCE: Energy cannot be created nor destroyed; it can only change form
Applied to PS: Light energy –> chemical energy (glucose), no energy is lost
Photosynthesis chemical equation
6CO2 + 6H20
(carbon dioxide + water)
– light –>
C6H12O6 + 6O2
(glucose + oxygen)
Chloroplast
Organelle where PS occurs.
Contains pigments, the main one being chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
The main pigment in the chloroplast where light energy is absorbed and turned into chemical energy (ATP)
Absorbs mostly violet/red light
Reflects green light, so most plants look green.
Phase 1 of Photosynthesis
Light-dependent reactions
1) Light + water enter chloroplast
2) Oxygen is released as a byproduct
3) ATP is made
Phase 2 of Photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle
1) ATP from phase 1 powers phase 2
2) CO2 enters chloroplast
3) Glucose is produced
Inputs/outputs of Light-dependent reaction
Light + H2O —> O2 + ATP
Inputs/outputs of Calvin Cycle/Light independent reaction
ATP + CO2 —> Glucose
(ATP is from Phase 1)
What cycles between the Phases of Photosynthesis?
NADPH + ATP from phase1 -> phase2
(charged batteries)
NADP+ and ADP+P phase 2 -> phase1
(used batteries)
How does ATP create energy?
High-energy phosphate bonds brake –> energy released
3 main ways glucose is used
1) Energy (ATP)
2) Builds biomolecules
3) Extra storage
How is extra glucose stored?
In plants: starch
In animals: glycogen
What are the 4 main biomolecules?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids (fats)
- Protien
- Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrates
What is the monomer, elements, and use
1) Monomer = monosaccharides
2) Elements = C.H.O
(Carbon/Hydrogen/Oxygen)
3) Used for fast energy
Eg: food from plants (corn, flour)
Lipids (Fats)
What is the monomer, elements, and use
1) Monomer = Glycerol, fatty acids
2) Elements = C.H.O
(Carbon/Hydrogen/Oxygen)
3) Used for = insulation, long-term energy, cell membranes, hormones
Eg: butter, oil
Protein
What is the monomer, elements, and use
1) Monomer = Amino Acids
2) Elements = C.H.O.N
(Carbon/Hydrogen/Oxygen/Nitrogen)
3) Used for = immune system, enzymes, cell communications
Eg: Meats, Eggs
Nucleic Acid
What is the monomer, elements, and use
1) Monomer = nucleotide
2) Elements = C.H.O.N.P
(Carbon/Hydrogen/Oxygen/Nitrogen/
Phosphourus)
3) Used for = transmit/store genetic info
Eg: DNA / RNA
Products of Photosynthesis
Oxygen and glucose
3 things needed for photosynthesis
CO2, H2O, Light
Where does PS occur?
In the chloroplast of the cell
What are the 3 main ways glucose is used by living organisms?
1) Extra storage
2) Energy (ATP)
3) Builds biomolecules
