Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

Where in the cell is DNA found?

A

DNA is found in the

NUCLEUS

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2
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

A nucleotide is

A molecule with sugar, phosphate, and a base

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3
Q

Write the complementary DNA for the following sequence: ACT GAC CCA

A

ACT GAC CCA pairs with

TGA CTG GGT

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4
Q

Write the complementary mRNA strand for the following DNA sequence ACT GGA GCA

A

mRNA ACT GGA GCA pairs with

UGA CCU CGU

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5
Q

Describe the basic structure of an RNA molecule. What differences exist between DNA and RNA?

A

RNA has…

  • Ribose sugar
  • Single stranded
  • Uracil, not Thymine
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6
Q

What is the purpose of transcription.

What molecules are used and made in the process.

Where does the process occur in the cell?

A

Transcription makes a copy of a certain gene (mRNA)

DNA, mRNA, RNA Polymerase

Occurs in nucleus

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7
Q

What does RNA Polymerase do?

A

RNA polymerase binds to a DNA gene, separates the strands, and assembles nucleotides into a complementary mRNA strand.

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8
Q

Describe the purpose of translation.

Identify the molecules used and made in the process.

Where does the process occur in the cell?

A

During translation, mRNA is read at the ribosome and creates a protein.

mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

Occurs in the cytoplasm/ribosome

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9
Q

Explain the roles of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA in protein synthesis.

A

mRNA: copy of a gene that messages to ribosome

rRNA: makes up the ribosome

tRNA: pairs to specific mRNA with a specific amino acid

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10
Q

gene

A

Section of DNA that codes for a specific gene

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11
Q

Describe the relationship between amino acids and proteins.

A

Amino Acids build proteins

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12
Q

Describe how DNA sequence determines proteins’ structures and functions

A

DNA sequence determines amino acids, which determines the structure/function of a protein

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13
Q

Transcribe and then translate the following sequence: AAT CCG TAG GGC

A

Leu Gly Ile Pro

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14
Q

How many codons are in the sequence:

AAT CCG TAG GGC

A

4

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15
Q

If there was an error in DNA replication, what will be the impact on the protein? Why?

A

errors in the DNA changes the amino acid sequence of the protein, changing its structure and function.

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16
Q

Why does the phrase “structure determines function” relate to protein synthesis?

A

Proteins need to be built correctly, or else they wont function correctly.

17
Q

codon

A

Sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.