Gene Expression Flashcards
Where in the cell is DNA found?
DNA is found in the
NUCLEUS
What is a nucleotide?
A nucleotide is
A molecule with sugar, phosphate, and a base
Write the complementary DNA for the following sequence: ACT GAC CCA
ACT GAC CCA pairs with
TGA CTG GGT
Write the complementary mRNA strand for the following DNA sequence ACT GGA GCA
mRNA ACT GGA GCA pairs with
UGA CCU CGU
Describe the basic structure of an RNA molecule. What differences exist between DNA and RNA?
RNA has…
- Ribose sugar
- Single stranded
- Uracil, not Thymine
What is the purpose of transcription.
What molecules are used and made in the process.
Where does the process occur in the cell?
Transcription makes a copy of a certain gene (mRNA)
DNA, mRNA, RNA Polymerase
Occurs in nucleus
What does RNA Polymerase do?
RNA polymerase binds to a DNA gene, separates the strands, and assembles nucleotides into a complementary mRNA strand.
Describe the purpose of translation.
Identify the molecules used and made in the process.
Where does the process occur in the cell?
During translation, mRNA is read at the ribosome and creates a protein.
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
Occurs in the cytoplasm/ribosome
Explain the roles of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA in protein synthesis.
mRNA: copy of a gene that messages to ribosome
rRNA: makes up the ribosome
tRNA: pairs to specific mRNA with a specific amino acid
gene
Section of DNA that codes for a specific gene
Describe the relationship between amino acids and proteins.
Amino Acids build proteins
Describe how DNA sequence determines proteins’ structures and functions
DNA sequence determines amino acids, which determines the structure/function of a protein
Transcribe and then translate the following sequence: AAT CCG TAG GGC
Leu Gly Ile Pro
How many codons are in the sequence:
AAT CCG TAG GGC
4
If there was an error in DNA replication, what will be the impact on the protein? Why?
errors in the DNA changes the amino acid sequence of the protein, changing its structure and function.
