GMO Flashcards
An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs)
AGROBACTERIUM’S ability to transfer genetic material to plants or the ability of lentiviruses to transfer genes to animal cells
natural examples of gene transfer.
Attaching the genes to a virus or just physically inserting the extra DNA into the nucleus of the intended host with a very small syringe, or with very small particles fired from a gene gun.
PRODUCTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
created the first recombinant DNA molecule.
PAUL BERG
- to create new colors in flowers, and to create improved crops.
- to help discover the functions of certain genes
TRANSGENIC PLANTS
______________ are created to possess several desirable traits, such as; resistance to pests, herbicides, or harsh environmental conditions, improved product shelf life, increased nutritional value, or production of valuable goods such as drugs (pharming).
Genetically engineered crops
These are the plants that have been genetically modified for use in producing fuel, known as biofuel
ALGAE, JATROPHA, MAIZE
first organisms to be modified in the laboratory, due to their simple genetics.
BACTERIA
used to produce the protein insulin to treat diabetes.
Genetically Modified Bacteria
They developed techniques responsible for transgenic mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, and pigs in the early 1980s.
RALPH L. BRINSTER and RICHARD PALMITER
TO PRODUCE industrial or consumer products (fibers for multiple uses.)
TO PRODUCE products intended for human therapeutic use(pharmaceutical products or tissue for implantation)
TO ENRICH OR ENHANCE the animals’ interaction with humans(hypo-allergenic parts)
TO ENHANCE production or food quality traits(faster-growing fish, pigs that digest food more efficiently).
TO IMPROVE animal health (disease resistance)
PURPOSE FOR THE MODIFICATIONS OF MAMMALS
o ScientificResearch
o As Pets
o Considered to be used as foods
o As Aquatic pollution sensors
Genetically Modified fish are used as…
Two species of Fish that are commonly modified
ZEBRA FISH AND MEDAKA
Deliberate CHANGING of characteristics of an organism by MANIPULATING its genetic material
Process in which genetic material is transferred from one organism to another
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Choosing organisms with desirable characteristics, and breedingthem to produce more desirable ones
SELECTIVE BREEDING
to make exact genetic copies of living things
CLONING
process of crossing plants or animals with different variations of the same trait to create an organism with the most desirable trait.
HYBRIDIZATION
a form of genetic engineering where specific genes or gene sequences are inserted into the genome of a different organism.
GENE SPLICING
- PRODUCTION OF HUMAN INSULIN
- USE IN GENE THERAPY
- CREATION OF NEO-ORGANS
- USAGE IN AGRICULTURE
- BENEFITS AT A GLANCE
PROS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
Biggest Genetically engineered crop
BT-CORN
is a common soil bacterium whose genome contains genes for several proteins toxic to insects.
BT or BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS
process of cleaning up waste and pollution with the help of living organisms
Process Of Bio Remediation
- leads to unpredictable outcomes or side effects
- unnatural and doesn’t fit in the context of natural ways like breeding/crossing the plants and animals for bringing out the best in them
- FDA has not approved consuming animals that are genetically modified
- Harmful effects on crops
CONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
- GENETICALLY MODIFIED ANIMALS
- RISK OF MISUSE
- DISRUPTION OF NATURAL GENETIC INFORMATION
ETHICAL ISSUES IN GENETIC ENGINEERING
