GENE THERAPY AND NANO WORLD Flashcards
- The body’s “instruction manual. ”
- Tell your body how to work.
- They live in almost every cell in your body, and they’re made up of a chemical called DNA
GENES
Every unique gene has a DNA sequence that is considered “normal” for that particular gene. But, sometimes this DNA sequence is different than usual
GENE VARIANT
BLUEPRINT TO OUR BODY
GENES
CAN FILL IN MISSING PARTS OR CORRECT ERRORS IN THE DRAWINGS
GENE THERAPY
- The use of genetic material to treat or prevent disease.
- Aims to address the underlying cause of disease, such as changes in our genes.
GENE THERAPY
is like a package used to deliver a specific message.
VECTOR
______ can be used as vectors because they have evolved to be very good at getting into cells.
VIRUSES
- Transfer of a section of DNA to any cell of the body that DOESN’T produce sperm or eggs.
- Effects of gene therapy will not be passed onto the patient’s children.
SOMATIC GENE THERAPY
2 TYPES OF SOMATIC GENE THERAPY
EX-VIVO AND IN-VIVO
TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF GENE THERAPY DEPENDING ON WHICH TYPES OF CELLS ARE TREATED
SOMATIC GENE THERAPY AND GERMLINE GENE THERAPY
TREATMENT REMOVES THE PERSON’S OWN CELLS AND DELIVERS THE GENETIC MATERIAL TO THESE CELLS OUTSIDE THE BODY. THE MODIFIED CELLS ARE THEN RETURNED TO THE BODY
EX-VIVO
TREATMENT MEANS THE GENETIC MATERIAL IS DELIVERED DIRECTLY INTO THE PERSON, SUCH AS THROUGH AN INJECTION
IN-VIVO
- Transfer of a section of DNA to cells that produce eggs or sperm.
- Effects of gene therapy will be passed onto the patient’s children and subsequent generations.
GERMLINE GENE THERAPY
TECHNIQUES FOR CARRYING OUT GENE THERAPY
GENE AUGMENTATION THERAPY
GENE INHIBITION THERAPY
KILLING OF SPECIFIC CELLS
SOME TYPES OF GENE THERAPY PRODUCTS:
- PLASMID DNA
- VIRAL VECTORS
- BACTERIAL VECTORS
- HUMAN GENE EDITING TECHNOLOGY
- PATIENTS DERIVED CELLULAR GENE THERAPY PRODUCTS
circular DNA molecules can be genetically engineered to carry therapeutic genes into human cells
PLASMID DNA
viruses have a natural ability to deliver genetic material into cells, and therefore some gene therapy products are derived from viruses. Once viruses have been modified to remove their ability to cause infectious disease, these modified viruses can be used as vectors (vehicles) to carry therapeutic genes into human cells.
VIRAL VECTORS
bacteria can be modified to prevent them from causing infectious diseases and then used as vectors (vehicles) to carry therapeutic genes into human tissues
BACTERIAL VECTORS
- the goals of gene editing are to disrupt harmful genes or to repair mutated genes.
HUMAN GENE EDITING TECHNOLOGY
cells are removed from the patient, genetically modified (often using a viral vector), and then returned to the patient
PATIENT DERIVED CELLULAR GENE THERAPY PRODUCTS
- HOPE FOR FATAL DISEASE
- ONLY HAS TO BE GIVEN ONE TIME
- LONG-LASTING EFFECTS
- POSITIVE EFFECTS PASSED DOWN THROUGH GENERATIONS
- TREATMENT OF GENETIC DISORDER
- CANCER TREATMENT
- CURE FOR VIRAL DISEASE
POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND USES TO GLOBAL HEALTH
refers to a unit meaning one billionth or ten raised to negative nine (10-9).
Nano
study of exceptionally small things that can be used across all the other fields of science, such as biology, chemistry, physics, material sciences, and engineering (NNI, 2017).
NanoScience
deals with science, technology, and engineering accompanied at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.
nanotechnology
