GMO

Question 1

What is a transgenic animal? Why would someone want to make a transgenic animal?

Answer 1

A transgenic animal is an animal that has had its GNA altered with genes from another species or breed. This can be used to introduce a desired trait into a organism.

Question 2

Name two methods for making genetically modified plants.

Answer 2

Agrobacterium: the bacterium most frequently used is called Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The gene of interest is transferred into the bacterium and the bacterial cells then transfer the new DNA to the genome of the plant cells.

Biolistics: transformation enables the direct introduction of DNA or RNA into plant cells. In this method, a foreign DNA or RNA construct is coated onto gold or tungsten particles. The particles are released from a gene gun by high-pressure helium gas and directly penetrate the host cell wall

Question 3

Why is it important to genetically alter an animal at or immediately after fertilization?

Answer 3

Because the pluripotent cells can become any type of cell, and therefore the altered DNA can spread to the whole organism.

In adults, all the cells will not likely receive the edit, the adult will likely be mosaic. Making the alteration right
after fertilization reduces the mosaicism and increases the chances that the germ cells of the adult
receive the edit.

Question 4

What repair pathway is used when introducing a new sequence with CRISPR/Cas9

Answer 4

Homology directed repair (HDR)