GMAT 06

Question 1

tu·bu·lar adj \ˈtü-byə-lər\

Answer 1

1. ADJ 管状的 Something that is tubular is long, round, and hollow in shape, like a tube.
   …a modern table with chrome tubular legs.
   有铬合金管状桌腿的现代风格桌子

Question 2

tum·ble verb \ˈtəm-bəl\

Answer 2

1. VERB 滚下;摔倒;跌落;翻滚而下 If someone or something tumbles somewhere, they fall there with a rolling or bouncing movement.
   A small boy tumbled off a third floor fire escape…
   一个小男孩从3楼防火梯上摔了下来。
   The dog had tumbled down the cliff…
   那只狗已摔下了悬崖。
   Tumble is also a noun.
2. VERB (物价等)暴跌，剧降 If prices or levels of something are tumbling, they are decreasing rapidly.
   House prices have tumbled by almost 30 per cent in real terms since mid-1989…
   房价自 1989 年中期以来实际上暴跌了近 30%。
   Share prices continued to tumble today on the Tokyo stock market.
   东京股市的股价今天继续暴跌。
3. VERB (水)冲刷，滚滚流过 If water tumbles, it flows quickly over an uneven surface.
   Waterfalls crash and tumble over rocks.
   瀑布飞流直溅，冲刷着岩石。
   …the aromatic pines and tumbling streams of the Zonba Plateau.
   松巴高原芬芳的松树与湍急的河流
4. VERB 突然闯入（某地）;陷入，浑然不觉地进入(某种状态) If you say that someone tumbles into a situation or place, you mean that they get into it without being fully in control of themselves or knowing what they are doing.
   Many mothers and children tumble into poverty after divorce…
   很多母亲和孩子在离婚后陷入贫困。
   There’s no thought more pleasing than the prospect of tumbling into my apartment and slamming the door.
   没有比一头冲进自己的公寓摔上房门更让我开心的事了。

Question 3

tur·bine noun \ˈtər-ˌbīn\

Answer 3

1. N-COUNT 涡轮机;透平机 A turbine is a machine or engine which uses a stream of air, gas, water, or steam to turn a wheel and produce power.

Question 4

tur·bu·lent adj -lənt\

Answer 4

1. ADJ-GRADED 变幻莫测的;动荡的;骚乱的;混乱的 A turbulent time, place, or relationship is one in which there is a lot of change, confusion, and disorder.
   They had been together for five or six turbulent years of rows and reconciliations…
   他们在一起生活了五六年，一直吵吵闹闹，分分合合，没有片刻安宁。
   The turbulent world of Middle Eastern politics defies prediction.
   中东动荡不安的政治局势让人难以预测。
2. ADJ-GRADED 湍急的;狂暴的;汹涌的 Turbulent water or air contains strong currents which change direction suddenly.
   I had to have a boat that could handle turbulent seas.
   我必须有一艘能经得起狂风骇浪的船。

— tur·bu·lent·ly adverb

Question 5

tur·moil noun \ˈtər-ˌmȯi(-ə)l\

Answer 5

1. N-VAR 混乱;动荡;骚乱;恐慌 Turmoil is a state of confusion, disorder, uncertainty, or great anxiety.
   …the political turmoil in South Africa.
   南非的政治动荡
   Her marriage was in turmoil…
   她的婚姻一团糟。

The country has been in turmoil for the past 10 years.

a period of political turmoil

His life has been in a constant turmoil.

Question 6

an optimistic turn of mind

Answer 6

一个乐观的心态

Question 7

turn down

Answer 7

1. PHRASAL VERB 拒绝(某人或其请求、提议等) If you turn down a person or their request or offer, you refuse their request or offer.
   Before this I’d have smiled and turned her down…
   在这之前，我本该笑着拒绝她。
   I thanked him for the offer but turned it down…
   我谢绝了他的提议。
2. PHRASAL VERB 关小;调低 When you turn down a radio, heater, or other piece of equipment, you reduce the amount of sound or heat being produced, by adjusting the controls.
   He kept turning the central heating down…
   他不断调低中央暖气的温度。
   She could not bear the relentless music and turned down the volume.
   她受不了没完没了的音乐，就把音量调小了。
3. PHRASAL VERB （比率）减少;（水平）降低 If the rate or level of something turns down, it decreases.
   The divorce rate turned down in the 1950s.
   20 世纪 50 年代离婚率下降了。

Question 8

turn·over noun \ˈtərn-ˌō-vər\

Answer 8

1. N-VAR 营业额 The turnover of a company is the value of the goods or services sold during a particular period of time.
   Her annual turnover is around £45,000…
   她的年营业额大约是 4.5 万英镑。
   The company had a turnover of £3.8 million.
   那家公司营业额为 380 万英镑。
2. N-VAR (人员的)流动率 The turnover of people in an organization or place is the rate at which people leave and are replaced.
   Short-term contracts increase staff turnover…
   短期合同使得员工流动率增高。
   The industry has a high turnover of young people.
   该行业的年轻从业者流动率较高。

Question 9

ty·pol·o·gy noun \tī-ˈpä-lə-jē\

Answer 9

1. N-COUNT （尤指科学和社会科学领域的）类型学，分类法 A typology is a system for dividing things into different types, especially in science and the social sciences.

— ty·pol·o·gist -jist\ noun

Question 10

ty·ran·ni·cal adj \tə-ˈra-ni-kəl\

Answer 10

1. ADJ-GRADED (人)暴君似的，专横的，残暴的 If you describe someone as tyrannical, you mean that they are severe or unfair towards the people that they have authority over.
   He killed his tyrannical father with a blow to the head…
   他冲着暴戾的父亲的头部猛击了一下，把他打死了。
   His behavior grew more unpredictable by the day, and increasingly tyrannical.
   他的行为越来越难以捉摸，而且愈发残暴。
2. ADJ-GRADED (政府或组织)专制的，暴政的，暴虐的 If you describe a government or organization as tyrannical, you mean that it acts without considering the wishes of its people and treats them cruelly or unfairly.
   …one of the world’s most oppressive and tyrannical regimes.
   世上最压迫人、最专制的政权之一

— ty·ran·ni·cal·ly -ni-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
— ty·ran·ni·cal·ness -kəl-nəs\ noun

Question 11

ty·ro·sine noun \ˈtī-rə-ˌsēn\

Answer 11

n.<化>酪氨酸(存在于许多蛋白质中的亲水氨基酸，对某些激素的合成很关键)

Question 12

ul·cer noun \ˈəl-sər\

Answer 12

1. N-COUNT 溃疡 An ulcer is a sore area on the outside or inside of your body which is very painful and may bleed or produce an unpleasant poisonous substance.
   …stomach ulcers.
   胃溃疡

— ulcer verb

Question 13

ul·ti·mate adj \ˈəl-tə-mət\

Answer 13

1. ADJ 最后的；最终的 You use ultimate to describe the final result or aim of a long series of events.
   He said it is still not possible to predict the ultimate outcome…
   他说现在还无法预料最终的结局。
   The ultimate aim is to expand the network further.
   最终目的是为了进一步拓展该网络。
2. ADJ 最根本的；最基础的；最原始的 You use ultimate to describe the original source or cause of something.
   Plants are the ultimate source of all foodstuffs…
   植物是所有食物的最根本来源。
   The ultimate cause of what’s happened seems to have been the advertising campaign.
   出事的最根本原因似乎在于那场广告宣传活动。
3. ADJ 最重要的；最强大的；至高的 You use ultimate to describe the most important or powerful thing of a particular kind.
   …the ultimate power of the central government…
   中央政府的至高权力
   Of course, the ultimate authority remained the presidency…
   当然，拥有最高权力者依然是总统。

— ul·ti·mate·ness noun

4. ADJ 极端的；极度的；令人极其不快的 You use ultimate to describe the most extreme and unpleasant example of a particular thing.
   Being removed from his post during operations is the ultimate humiliation for a ship’s captain.
   在执行任务的过程中被免职，这对一位船长来说是莫大的耻辱。
   Treachery was the ultimate sin…
   背叛是最不可饶恕的罪孽。
5. ADJ 最好的；绝好的；极好的 You use ultimate to describe the best possible example of a particular thing.
   He is the ultimate English gentleman…
   他是最最典型的英国绅士。
   Caviar and oysters on ice are generally considered the ultimate luxury foods.
   一般认为，鱼子酱和冰镇牡蛎是顶级美味。
6. PHRASE 极致；极限；最高典范 The ultimate in something is the best or most advanced example of it.
   Ballet is the ultimate in human movement…
   芭蕾舞在人类的动作中可谓优雅至极。
   This hotel is the ultimate in luxury…
   该酒店极尽奢华。

Question 14

un·bri·dled adj -ˈbrī-dəld\

Answer 14

1. ADJ 无约束的；放肆的；放纵的 If you describe behaviour or feelings as unbridled, you mean that they are not controlled or limited in any way.
   …the unbridled greed of the 1980s.
   20世纪80年代贪得无厌的社会风气
   …a tale of lust and unbridled passion.
   关于纵情乱性的故事

Question 15

un·der·cut verb \ˌən-dər-ˈkət\

Answer 15

1. VERB 压低(价格)；以低于…的价格销售 If you undercut someone or undercut their prices, you sell a product more cheaply than they do.
   The form undercut is used in the present tense and is also the past tense and past participle. undercut 的过去式和过去分词与原形相同。
   The firm will be able to undercut its competitors whilst still making a profit.
   该公司将得以把价格压得低于竞争对手而仍能盈利。
   …promises to undercut air fares on some routes by 40 per cent…
   承诺将一些航线的票价降低40%
2. VERB 削弱；破坏 If your attempts to achieve something are undercut by something, that thing prevents your attempts from being effective.
   The appeal in Miller’s pictures of Indian women is undercut at times by what the artist writes about them…
   米勒画作中印第安妇女的魅力有时会被艺术家的文字描述削弱。
   Popular support would be undercut by political developments.
   民众的支持率将会随政治势态的发展而下降。

Question 16

un·der·go verb \ˌən-dər-ˈgō\

Answer 16

1. VERB 经历；接受；遭受；忍受 If you undergo something necessary or unpleasant, it happens to you.
   New recruits have been undergoing training in recent weeks…
   最近几周，新兵正在接受训练。
   He underwent an agonising 48-hour wait for the results of tests.
   他苦苦等待了48个小时，化验结果才出来。

She will have to undergo an operation.

<some people undergo a complete transformation while away at college>

Question 17

un·der·ly·ing adj \ˌən-dər-ˈlī-iŋ\

Answer 17

1. ADJ 潜在的；隐藏的；深层的；根本的 The underlying features of an object, event, or situation are not obvious, and it may be difficult to discover or reveal them.
   To stop a problem you have to understand its underlying causes…
   要想杜绝问题的发生，必须弄清它的深层原因。
   I think that the underlying problem is education, unemployment and bad housing.
   我认为深层的问题在于教育、失业和糟糕的住房条件。
2. ADJ See also: underlie 表面下的；下层的 You describe something as underlying when it is below the surface of something else.
   …hills with the hard underlying rock poking through the turf…
   坚硬的下层岩石穿过草皮凸出来的山丘
   Cars were covered with clear-coat finish at the factory to protect the underlying paint from fading.
   工厂给汽车上了透明罩漆，以防底漆褪色。

Question 18

un·der·mine verb \ˌən-dər-ˈmīn\

Answer 18

1. VERB （常指逐渐或反复）削弱，损害（情感、体制等） If you undermine something such as a feeling or a system, you make it less strong or less secure than it was before, often by a gradual process or by repeated efforts.
   Offering advice on each and every problem will undermine her feeling of being adult…
   对每个问题都给出建议会令她觉得自己不像个成年人。
   Western intelligence agencies are accused of trying to undermine the government.
   西方情报机构被指责企图动摇该政府的统治。
2. VERB （常指间接地）削弱，损害，动摇（某人的地位或权威） If you undermine someone or undermine their position or authority, you make their authority or position less secure, often by indirect methods.
   She undermined him and destroyed his confidence in his own talent…
   她暗中打击他，让他对自己的才华信心全无。
   The conversations were designed to undermine her authority so she felt that she could no longer work for the company.
   这些谈话有意削弱她的威信，这样她会觉得自己在公司干不下去。
3. VERB 破坏，损害（某人的努力或成功的机会） If you undermine someone’s efforts or undermine their chances of achieving something, you behave in a way that makes them less likely to succeed.
   The continued fighting threatens to undermine efforts to negotiate an agreement…
   持续的战斗会破坏希望通过谈判来达成协议的努力。
   I don’t want to do something that would undermine the chances of success.
   我不想做会影响成功机会的事情。

Question 19

un·der·pin verb -ˈpin\

Answer 19

1. VERB 加强…的基础；巩固；支撑 If one thing underpins another, it helps the other thing to continue or succeed by supporting and strengthening it.
   …mystical themes that underpin all religions…
   支撑所有宗教的神秘主题
   …the beliefs underpinning contemporary art.
   支撑现代艺术的一些观念
   underpinning: …the economic underpinning of ancient Mexican society.古代墨西哥社会的经济基础…the violent woman-hating underpinnings of films like ‘Cape Fear’.《海角惊魂》等影片中强烈的仇视女性的基调

Question 20

uni·cam·er·al adj \ˌyü-ni-ˈkam-rəl\

Answer 20

adj.(议会)一院(制)的，单院的

— uni·cam·er·al·ly adverb

Question 21

uni·fi·ca·tion noun \ˌyü-nə-fə-ˈkā-shən\

Answer 21

1. N-UNCOUNT 合一; 联合；统一 Unification is the process by which two or more countries join together and become one country.
   …the process of general European unification.
   欧洲一体化进程

<the political unification of several Central European states into a German empire dominated by Prussia>

Question 22

uni·son noun \ˈyü-nə-sən\

Answer 22

1. PHRASE 同时；一起 If two or more people do something in unison, they do it together at the same time.
   The students gave him a rapturous welcome, chanting in unison: ‘We want the king!’…
   学生们给予了他热烈的欢迎，他们齐声高喊：“我们要国王！”
   Michael and the landlady nodded in unison.
   迈克尔和房东太太一起点头。
2. PHRASE 和谐地;一致地 If people or organizations act in unison, they act the same way because they agree with each other or because they want to achieve the same aims.
   For churches not normally noted for their ability to act in unison, today’s unprecedented move was all the more remarkable…
   对于通常无法统一行动的各个教会来说，今天这一前所未有的举动无疑更加非同寻常。
   The international community is ready to work in unison against him.
   国际社会准备联手反对他。

— unison adjective
— in unison
1: in perfect agreement : so as to harmonize exactly <a class reciting in unison>
2: at the same time : simultaneously

Question 23

uni·ver·sal·i·ty noun -(ˌ)vər-ˈsa-lə-tē\

Answer 23

n.普遍性； 通用性； 普适性； 一般性

Question 24

un·par·al·leled adj \ˌən-ˈpa-rə-ˌleld\

Answer 24

1. ADJ 无比的；空前的；无双的；绝无仅有的 If you describe something as unparalleled, you are emphasizing that it is, for example, bigger, better, or worse than anything else of its kind, or anything that has happened before.
   Germany’s unparalleled prosperity is based on wise investments…
   德国空前的繁荣是建立在明智的投资基础之上的。
   The country is facing a crisis unparalleled since the Second World War.
   该国正面临着一场二战以来前所未有的危机。

Question 25

un·prec·e·dent·ed adj \ˌən-ˈpre-sə-ˌden-təd\

Answer 25

1. ADJ 前所未有的；空前的；没有先例的 If something is unprecedented, it has never happened before.
   Such a move is rare, but not unprecedented…
   这种做法很罕见，但也不是没有先例的。
   In 1987 the Socialists took the unprecedented step of appointing a civilian to command the force.
   1987年，社会党人史无前例地任命了一位非军队出身的人来指挥军队。
2. ADJ-GRADED （质量、数量、规模）很高的，很大的 If you describe something as unprecedented, you are emphasizing that it is very great in quality, amount, or scale.
   Each home boasts an unprecedented level of quality throughout…
   每家的质量都堪称一流。
   The scheme has been hailed as an unprecedented success.
   这个计划广受好评，被认为是一个巨大的成功。

— un·prec·e·dent·ed·ly adverb

The team has enjoyed unprecedented success this year.

This level of growth is unprecedented.

An unprecedented number of students are taking the class.

… on one occasion, a president (Eisenhower) refers to himself as “conservative.” Four years later, the Republican presidential nominee (Goldwater) announces that he is “a conservative.” Another sixteen years later, Ronald Reagan, a self-declared conservative, is elected president by an overwhelming majority. By that time—1980—more Americans identify themselves as conservatives than as liberals. This was, and remains, a tectonic transformation, unprecedented in American history. —John Lukacs, Harper’s, March 2008

Question 26

un·ten·a·ble adj \ˌən-ˈte-nə-bəl\

Answer 26

1. ADJ-GRADED （论点、理论或立场）经不起反驳的，不堪一击的，站不住脚的 An argument, theory, or position that is untenable cannot be defended successfully against criticism or attack.
   This argument is untenable from an intellectual, moral and practical standpoint…
   从智识、道德和现实的角度来看，这一论点是站不住脚的。
   He claimed the charges against him were untenable.
   他声称对他的那些指控不值一驳。

— un·ten·a·bil·i·ty \ˌən-ˌte-nə-ˈbi-lə-tē\ noun

Question 27

unviable

\ˌən-ˈvī-ə-bəl\

Answer 27

adj.不能独立生存的，不可行的

Question 28

un·war·ran·ted \ˌən-ˈwȯr-ən-tid\

Answer 28

1. ADJ 无端的；无正当理由的 If you describe something as unwarranted, you are critical of it because there is no need or reason for it.
   Any attempt to discuss the issue of human rights was rejected as an unwarranted interference in the country’s internal affairs…
   任何讨论人权问题的尝试都会被以无端干预该国内政为由加以拒绝。
   He accused the police of using unwarranted brutality.
   他指控警方无端施暴。

Question 29

un·wieldy adj -ˈwēl-dē\

Answer 29

1. ADJ-GRADED 沉甸甸的；粗笨的；笨重的 If you describe an object as unwieldy, you mean that it is difficult to move or carry because it is so big or heavy.
   They came panting up to his door with their unwieldy baggage.
   他们提着笨重的行李气喘吁吁地来到他门口。
2. ADJ-GRADED 臃肿的；庞大的 If you describe a system as unwieldy, you mean that it does not work very well as a result of it being too large or badly organized.
   His firm must contend with the unwieldy Russian bureaucracy.
   他的公司必须与俄罗斯庞大的官僚机构周旋。
   …an unwieldy legal system.
   臃肿的法律体系

— un·wield·i·ly -ˈwēl-də-lē\ adverb
— un·wield·i·ness -dē-nəs\ noun

Question 30

un·wit·ting adj -ˈwi-tiŋ\

Answer 30

1. ADJ 不知情的；不知不觉的；无意的 If you describe a person or their actions as unwitting, you mean that the person does something or is involved in something without realizing it.
   We’re unwitting victims of the system…
   我们都是该系统的不知情的受害者。
   It had been an unwitting blunder on Blair’s part.
   它曾是布莱尔的无心之失。
   unwittingly: He was unwittingly caught up in the confrontation.他无意间卷入了这场冲突之中。

— un·wit·ting·ly -tiŋ-lē\ adverb

Question 31

up·draft noun \ˈəp-ˌdraft\

Answer 31

n.上升气流； 直焰； 向上排气 ； 向上通风

Question 32

up·grade noun \ˈəp-ˌgrād\

Answer 32

1. VERB 改良；更新；升级 If equipment or services are upgraded, they are improved or made more efficient.
   The verb is pronounced /ʌp’greɪd/. The noun is pronounced /’ʌpgreɪd/. 动词读作/ʌp’greɪd/，名词读作/’ʌpgreɪd/。
   Helicopters have been upgraded and modernized…
   直升机已经更新换代，装配了现代化设备。
   Medical facilities are being reorganized and upgraded.
   正在对医疗设施进行重组和升级。
   Upgrade is also a noun.
2. VERB 擢升；晋升；提升；提拔 If someone is upgraded, their job or status is changed so that they become more important or receive more money.
   He was upgraded to security guard.
   他被擢升为保安。
3. VERB (使)升级到更高待遇;(使)升舱 If you upgrade or are upgraded, you change something such as your air ticket or your hotel room to one that is more expensive.
   You can upgrade from self-catering accommodation to a hotel.
   您可以将自理膳食旅店升级为酒店。

Question 33

up·heav·al noun \ˌəp-ˈhē-vəl\

Answer 33

1. N-COUNT 激变；剧变；动乱 An upheaval is a big change which causes a lot of trouble, confusion, and worry.
   Wherever there is political upheaval, invariably there are refugees…
   哪里有政治动乱，哪里就一定有难民。
   Having a baby will mean the greatest upheaval in your life.
   有了孩子意味着你的生活要发生重大的变化。

Question 34

upscale clientele

Answer 34

高档客户

Question 35

up·state noun \ˈəp-ˌstāt\

Answer 35

1. ADJ 州的最边远地区的；州的最北部地区的 Upstate means belonging or relating to the parts of a state that are furthest to the north or furthest from the main city.
   …an idyllic village in upstate New York.
   纽约州最北部的一个恬静村庄
   Upstate is also an adverb.
   These buses will carry families upstate to visit relatives in prison…
   这些公共汽车将载着家属北上去探监。

— up·state -ˈstāt\ adverb or adjective
— up·stat·er -ˈstā-tər\ noun

Question 36

up·surge noun \ˈəp-ˌsərj\

Answer 36

1. N-SING 飙升；急剧增长 If there is an upsurge in something, there is a sudden, large increase in it.
   …the upsurge in oil prices…
   油价的暴涨
   Saudi bankers say there’s been an upsurge of business confidence since the end of the war.
   沙特的银行家说战后工商业界信心猛增。

Question 37

up·turn verb \ˈəp-ˌtərn\

Answer 37

1. N-COUNT 好转；上升；改善 If there is an upturn in the economy or in a company or industry, it improves or becomes more successful.
   They do not expect an upturn in the economy until the end of the year…
   他们预测要到年底经济才能有所好转。
   There has been a modest upturn in most parts of the industry.
   该行业的绝大部分领域都出现了一定程度的好转。

Question 38

ur·chin noun \ˈər-chən\

Answer 38

1. N-COUNT See also: sea urchin 肮脏而衣着破烂的儿童；小乞丐 An urchin is a young child who is dirty and poorly dressed.
   We were in the bazaar with all the little urchins watching us.
   我们在集市里，周围一大帮衣衫褴褛的小孩盯着我们看。

<we could never resist the little urchin’s pleas for candy>

Question 39

usurp verb \yu̇-ˈsərp\

Answer 39

1. VERB 夺取；篡夺；侵占 If you say that someone usurps a job, role, title, or position, they take it from someone when they have no right to do this.
   Did she usurp his place in his mother’s heart?…
   她取代了他在他母亲心目中的地位吗？
   The Congress wants to reverse the reforms and usurp the power of the presidency.
   议会企图颠覆改革，夺取总统权力。

— usur·pa·tion \ˌyü-sər-ˈpā-shən\ noun
— usurp·er \yu̇-ˈsər-pər\ noun

Question 40

uti·lize verb \ˈyü-tə-ˌlīz\

Answer 40

1. VERB 利用；使用 If you utilize something, you use it.
   in BRIT, also use 英国英语亦用 utilise
   Sound engineers utilize a range of techniques to enhance the quality of the recordings…
   音响师运用一系列技术来提高录音质量。
   Minerals can be absorbed and utilized by the body in a variety of different forms.
   人体可通过很多不同形式吸收和利用矿物质。
   utilization: …the utilisation of human resources.人力资源的利用…land utilization on large farms.大型农场的土地使用

— uti·liz·able -ˌlī-zə-bəl\ adjective
— uti·li·za·tion \ˌyü-tə-lə-ˈzā-shən\ noun
— uti·liz·er \ˈyü-tə-ˌlī-zər\ noun

Question 41

va·can·cy noun \ˈvā-kən(t)-sē\

Answer 41

1. N-COUNT （工作或职位的）空缺 A vacancy is a job or position which has not been filled.
   They had a short-term vacancy for a person on the foreign desk…
   他们在国际新闻组有一个短期的空缺职位。
   Most vacancies are at senior level, requiring appropriate qualifications.
   大多数空缺属于高层职位，要求具备相应的资历。
2. N-COUNT （旅馆里待租的）空房 If there are vacancies at a building such as a hotel, some of the rooms are available to rent.
   This year hotels that usually are jammed had vacancies all summer.
   今年,那些通常爆满的旅店整个夏天都有空客房。

Question 42

vac·cine noun \vak-ˈsēn\

Answer 42

1. N-MASS 疫苗 A vaccine is a substance containing a harmless form of the germs that cause a particular disease. It is given to people, usually by injection, to prevent them getting that disease.
   Anti-malarial vaccines are now undergoing trials…
   抗疟疾的疫苗正在试验阶段。
   Seven million doses of vaccine are annually given to British children.
   英国孩子每年要接种7百万剂疫苗。

— vaccine adjective

Question 43

vac·u·um noun \ˈva-(ˌ)kyüm\

Answer 43

1. N-COUNT 空位;空缺;空白 If someone or something creates a vacuum, they leave a place or position which then needs to be filled by another person or thing.
   The collapse of the army left a vacuum in the area…
   这支军队的溃败使这个地区出现了军事真空。
   His presence should fill the power vacuum which has been developing over the past few days.
   他的出现将填补过去这几天形成的权力真空。
2. PHRASE 在封闭状态中;与外界隔绝 If something is done in a vacuum, it is not affected by any outside influences or information.
   Moral values cannot be taught in a vacuum…
   道德价值观的教育不能脱离实际。
   We lived in a vacuum — no life, no news, no books.
   我们生活在与世隔绝的环境里——没有其他生物，收不到外界消息，也没有书看。
3. VERB 用真空吸尘器打扫 If you vacuum something, you clean it using a vacuum cleaner.
   I vacuumed the carpets today…
   今天我用吸尘器清洁了地毯。
   It’s important to vacuum regularly.
   定期用吸尘器吸尘很重要。
4. N-COUNT 真空 A vacuum is a space that contains no air or other gas.
   Wind is a current of air caused by a vacuum caused by hot air rising…
   风是由于热空气上升产生真空导致的一种气流运动。
   The spinning turbine creates a vacuum.
   旋转的涡轮形成了一块真空区域。

Question 44

vague adj \ˈvāg\

Answer 44

1. ADJ-GRADED （文字或言语）含糊的，不明确的，不清楚的 If something written or spoken is vague, it does not explain or express things clearly.
   A lot of the talk was apparently vague and general…
   很多话明显是些含糊的泛泛之论。
   The description was pretty vague.
   描述相当模糊。
   vaguely: ‘I’m not sure,’ Liz said vaguely…“我不确定，”利兹含糊其词地说。They issued a vaguely worded statement.他们发表了一份措辞含混不清的声明。
2. ADJ-GRADED （记忆或想法）模糊的，不清晰的 If you have a vague memory or idea of something, the memory or idea is not clear.
   They have only a vague idea of the amount of water available…
   他们只是大概知道可用水的总量。
   Waite’s memory of that first meeting was vague.
   韦特对第一次见面的记忆很模糊。
   vaguely: Judith could vaguely remember her mother lying on the sofa.朱迪丝隐约记得她母亲躺在沙发上的情景。
3. ADJ-GRADED 含糊其词的;闪烁其词的 If you are vague about something, you deliberately do not tell people much about it.
   He was vague, however, about just what U.S. forces might actually do…
   然而，他对美军实际可能采取的行动却闪烁其词。
   Democratic leaders under election pressure tend to respond with vague promises of action…
   民主党领导人在选举压力下往往用一些含糊其词的行动承诺来予以回应。
4. ADJ-GRADED 思维不清的 If you describe someone as vague, you mean that they do not seem to be thinking clearly.
   She had married a charming but rather vague Englishman…
   她嫁给了一个外表迷人实际却很迷糊的英国人。
   His eyes were always so vague when he looked at her.
   他看她的眼神总是那么暧昧。
   vaguely: He looked vaguely around the room as he spoke, his mind elsewhere.他边说话边茫然地打量着房间，心不在焉的样子。
5. ADJ-GRADED （感觉等）轻微的，隐约的 If something such as a feeling is vague, you experience it only slightly.
   He was conscious of that vague feeling of irritation again…
   他再次感到有点儿恼火。
   He had a vague impression of rain pounding on the packed earth.
   他隐约记得雨点打在坚实地面上的情景。
6. ADJ-GRADED （外形或轮廓)模糊的，蒙眬的 A vague shape or outline is not clear and is therefore not easy to see.
   He looked at her vague shape through the frosted glass…
   他透过雾蒙蒙的眼镜注视着她模糊的身形。
   The bus was a vague shape in the distance.
   远处的公交车只是一个模糊的轮廓。

— vague·ly adverb
— vague·ness noun

Question 45

va·lance noun \ˈva-lən(t)s\

Answer 45

1. N-COUNT （装饰床沿的）挂布，挂帘，短帷幔 A valance is a piece of cloth that hangs down over the sides of a bed in order to make it look nice.
2. N-COUNT （窗户顶部的）木框，短帷幔 A valance is a long narrow piece of wood or fabric which is fitted at the top of a window for decoration and to hide the curtain rail.
   in BRIT, use 英国英语用 pelmet

— va·lanced -lən(t)st\ adjective

Question 46

val·id adj \ˈva-ləd\

Answer 46

1. N-UNCOUNT See also: valid 正当(性);正确(性)；可信(性) The validity of something such as a result or a piece of information is whether it can be trusted or believed.
   Shocked by the results of the elections, they now want to challenge the validity of the vote…
   选举结果令他们很震惊，他们现在要对选举的可信性提出质疑。
   Some people, of course, denied the validity of any such claim.
   当然，一些人否定了此类说法的合理性。

— va·lid·i·ty \və-ˈli-də-tē\ noun
— val·id·ly \ˈva-ləd-lē\ adverb

Question 47

van·i·ty noun \ˈva-nə-tē\

Answer 47

1. N-UNCOUNT 虚荣(心);自负 If you refer to someone’s vanity, you are critical of them because they take great pride in their appearance or abilities.
   Men who use steroids are motivated by sheer vanity…
   使用类固醇的男人纯粹是受虚荣心的驱使。
   With my usual vanity, I thought he might be falling in love with me.
   由于我一贯的虚荣心作祟，我以为他可能爱上了我。

Question 48

var·i·able adj \ˈver-ē-ə-bəl\

Answer 48

1. ADJ-GRADED 多变的;易变的;反复无常的 Something that is variable changes quite often, and there usually seems to be no fixed pattern to these changes.
   The potassium content of foodstuffs is very variable…
   食物中钾的含量差别很大。
   There was a bit of a wind and it was blowing onshore, variable, but quite strong.
   有一阵风朝岸上吹来，风向变化不定，但风力很强。
   variability: There’s a great deal of variability between individuals.人和人之间有很大的不同。…the variability in the climate.气候的变化无常
2. N-COUNT （质量、数量、规模等）可变因素 A variable is a factor that can change in quality, quantity, or size, which you have to take into account in a situation.
   Decisions could be made on the basis of price, delivery dates, after-sales service or any other variable…
   购买决定可能会基于价格、送货日期、售后服务以及其他可变因素。
   Other variables in making forecasts for the industry include the weather and the general economic climate.
   对该产业进行预测时还要考虑天气和宏观经济环境等其他不确定因素。
3. N-COUNT 变量;变项;变元 A variable is a quantity that can have any one of a set of values.
   It is conventional to place the independent variable on the right-hand side of an equation.
   普遍做法是把自变量放在等式的右边。

— var·i·abil·i·ty \ˌver-ē-ə-ˈbi-lə-tē\ noun
— var·i·able·ness \ˈver-ē-ə-bəl-nəs\ noun
— var·i·ably -blē\ adverb

Question 49

var·i·cose adj \ˈva-rə-ˌkōs\

Answer 49

adj.(静脉)曲张的； (贝壳)螺层隆起的

Question 50

var·i·ous adj \ˈver-ē-əs\

Answer 50

1. ADJ 各种各样的;不同种类的 If you say that there are various things, you mean there are several different things of the type mentioned.
   His plan is to spread the capital between various building society accounts…
   他打算把资金分散存到不同的购房互助会的账户上。
   The school has received various grants from the education department.
   学校得到了教育部门的多项资助。
2. ADJ 迥异的;千差万别的 If a number of things are described as various, they are very different from one another.
   The methods are many and various.
   方法很多且各不相同。
   …the country’s rich and various heritage.
   该国丰富多样的传统

— var·i·ous·ness noun