GMAT 01

Question 1

sil·i·cone noun \ˈsi-lə-ˌkōn\

Answer 1

1. N-UNCOUNT 硅酮;硅树脂 Silicone is a tough artificial substance made from silicon, which is used to make polishes, and also used in cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery.
   …silicone lubricants.
   硅脂润滑油
   …silicone breast implants.
   硅酮隆胸植入物

Question 2

simple interest

Answer 2

1. N-UNCOUNT 单利 (Compare 比较 compound interest.) Simple interest is interest that is calculated on an original sum of money and not also on interest which has previously been added to the sum.

Question 3

si·nus·i·tis noun \ˌsīn-yə-ˈsī-təs\

Answer 3

1. N-UNCOUNT 鼻窦炎 If you have sinusitis, the layer of flesh inside your sinuses is swollen and painful, which can cause headaches and a blocked nose.
   I have had antibiotics for my sinusitis but it doesn’t seem to be clearing up.
   我服用了抗生素来治疗鼻窦炎，但似乎未能根治。

Question 4

skep·ti·cism noun \ˈskep-tə-ˌsi-zəm\

Answer 4

n.怀疑态度，怀疑论

She regarded the researcher’s claims with skepticism.

It’s good to maintain a healthy skepticism about fad diets.

Question 5

skep·tic noun \ˈskep-tik\

Answer 5

n. 怀疑者； 怀疑论者； 无神论者
adj. 怀疑性的

Skeptics have pointed out flaws in the researchers’ methods.

You can believe in ghosts if you like, but I’m still a skeptic.
He is a skeptic and a cynic.

Question 6

sketch noun \ˈskech\

Answer 6

1. N-COUNT 草图;略图;素描 A sketch is a drawing that is done quickly without a lot of details. Artists often use sketches as a preparation for a more detailed painting or drawing.
   …a sketch of a soldier by Orpen.
   奥彭所画的一幅士兵素描
2. VERB 为…画素描 If you sketch something, you make a quick, rough drawing of it.
   Clare and David Astor are sketching a view of far Spanish hills…
   克莱尔和戴维·阿斯特正在画远处西班牙山峦的风景素描。
   I always sketch with pen and paper.
   我总是用钢笔和纸画素描。
3. N-COUNT 概略描述;简述 A sketch of a situation, person, or incident is a brief description of it without many details.
   …thumbnail sketches of heads of state and political figures…
   对国家元首和政治人物的简略叙述
   I had a basic sketch of a plan.
   我有一个基本的计划框架。
4. VERB 概述;简述 If you sketch a situation or incident, you give a short description of it, including only the most important facts.
   Cross sketched the story briefly, telling the facts just as they had happened.
   克罗斯简要地叙述了事情的经过，把当时发生的情况一五一十地说了一遍。
   Sketch out means the same as sketch.sketch out 同 sketch
   Luxembourg sketched out an acceptable compromise between Britain, France and Germany.
   卢森堡草拟了一项英国、法国和德国之间都可以接受的妥协方案。
5. N-COUNT (通常指喜剧节目中的)幽默短剧 A sketch is a short humorous piece of acting, usually forming part of a comedy show.
   …a five-minute sketch about a folk singer.
   刻画一位民歌手的 5 分钟幽默短剧
   相关词组：sketch in
6. PHRASAL VERB 补充,填补(细节) If you sketch in details about something, you tell them to people.
   We sat in Lily’s sunroom while I sketched in the situation.
   我们坐在莉莉的日光浴室里,我把目前形势的细节情况又补充说明了一下。

Question 7

sketchy adj \ˈske-chē\

Answer 7

1. ADJ-GRADED (信息)粗略的，大概的，不完全的，不充分的 Sketchy information about something does not include many details and is therefore incomplete or inadequate.
   Details of what actually happened are still sketchy…
   对于已发生事实的详细情况知道的仍然有限。
   Only sketchy information exists on the stock of natural resources such as fish.
   人们对鱼类等自然资源的总储备量所知甚少。
   sketchily: The ideas seem sketchily developed, the textures thin, the images vague.观点阐述不充分，结构单薄，意象也模糊不清。

— sketch·i·ly \ˈske-chə-lē\ adverb
— sketch·i·ness \ˈske-chē-nəs\ noun

Question 8

skull noun \ˈskəl\

Answer 8

1. N-COUNT 头盖骨;颅骨;脑壳 Your skull is the bony part of your head which encloses your brain.
   Her husband was later treated for a fractured skull.
   她丈夫后来接受了颅骨骨折治疗。

— skulled \ˈskəld\ adjective

Question 9

slan·der verb \ˈslan-dər\

Answer 9

1. N-VAR (口头的)诋毁，诽谤 (Compare 比较 libel. ) Slander is an untrue spoken statement about someone which is intended to damage their reputation.
   Dr. Bach is now suing the company for slander…
   巴赫博士目前正以诽谤罪起诉该公司。
   Korea has been a target of threats and slanders from the major western powers.
   朝鲜一直是西方主要大国威胁和诋毁的目标。
2. VERB (口头)诽谤，中伤，诋毁 To slander someone means to say untrue things about them in order to damage their reputation.
   He has been questioned on suspicion of slandering the Prime Minister.
   他由于涉嫌诽谤首相而受到了盘问。

— slan·der·er noun

Question 10

slice verb \ˈslīs\

Answer 10

1. N-COUNT (指食物切下的)片，薄片 A slice of bread, meat, fruit, or other food is a thin piece that has been cut from a larger piece.
   Try to eat at least four slices of bread a day.
   每天尽量至少吃 4 片面包。
   …water flavored with a slice of lemon.
   加了一片柠檬调味的水
2. VERB 将…切成薄片 If you slice bread, meat, fruit, or other food, you cut it into thin pieces.
   Helen sliced the cake…
   海伦把蛋糕切成片。
   Slice the steak into long thin slices.
   将牛排切成长长的薄片。
   Slice up means the same as slice.slice up 同 slice
3. N-COUNT 部分;份 You can use slice to refer to a part of a situation or activity.
   Fiction takes up a large slice of the publishing market.
   小说在出版市场上占了很大的份额。
   …a car that represents a slice of motoring history.
   一辆代表了一段汽车发展史的轿车
4. VERB (网球、高尔夫球等中)曲打，斜击，使(球)侧旋 In tennis, golf, and other sports, if you slice a ball, you hit its edge rather than its centre, so that it travels at an angle.
   The captain swung his left foot, but sliced the ball wide.
   队长飞起左脚一踢，球却侧着旋出去老远。
   Slice is also a noun.
   …a ball that would reduce hooks and slices.
   一只能够减少左曲球和侧旋球的球
5. VERB 切开;划破 If something slices through a substance, it moves through it quickly, like a knife.
   The ship sliced through the water.
   轮船在水中破浪前行。

— slice·able \ˈslī-sə-bəl\ adjective
— slic·er noun

Question 11

slip verb \ˈslip\

Answer 11

vi. 滑，滑脱； 犯过失，出错； （时间）不知不觉地过去； （健康状况等）变差
vt. 使顺利滑动； 摆脱； 放松，松开
n. 跌倒，失足； 纸条； 失误，口误； 事故
adj. 滑动的； 可拆卸的； 打有活结的
abbr. 串行线路接口协议（Serial Line Interface Protocol）

Question 12

slow·down noun \ˈslō-ˌdau̇n\

Answer 12

1. N-COUNT 放慢;放缓 A slowdown is a reduction in speed or activity.
   There has been a sharp slowdown in economic growth.
   经济增长的速度明显放慢。
2. N-COUNT 怠工 A slowdown is a protest in which workers deliberately work slowly and cause problems for their employers.
   It’s impossible to assess how many officers are participating in the slowdown.
   要估算出究竟多少高级职员参与了怠工是不可能的。
   in BRIT, use 英国英语用 go-slow

The business had a slowdown after the holidays.

<disease experts are encouraged by the recent slowdown in the spread of the virus>

Question 13

sluggish economy

Answer 13

不振，萧条，呆滞

Question 14

small·pox noun \ˈsmȯl-ˌpäks\

Answer 14

1. N-UNCOUNT 天花 Smallpox is a serious infectious disease that causes spots which leave deep marks on the skin.

Question 15

smear noun \ˈsmir\

Answer 15

1. VERB (用润滑、黏腻之物)涂，抹 If you smear a surface with an oily or sticky substance or smear the substance onto the surface, you spread a layer of the substance over the surface.
   My sister smeared herself with suntan oil and slept by the swimming pool…
   我姐姐在身上抹了防晒油，躺在游泳池边睡着了。
   Smear a little olive oil over the inside of the salad bowl.
   在色拉碗的内壁上抹一点橄榄油。
2. N-COUNT 污迹;油迹 A smear is a dirty or oily mark.
   There was a smear of gravy on his chin.
   他的下巴上粘着肉汁。
3. VERB 中伤;诽谤;污蔑 To smear someone means to spread unpleasant and untrue rumours or accusations about them in order to damage their reputation.
   …an attempt to smear the director-general of the BBC.
   污蔑英国广播公司主管的企图
4. N-COUNT 污蔑;诽谤;中伤 A smear is an unpleasant and untrue rumour or accusation that is intended to damage someone’s reputation.
   He puts all the accusations down to a smear campaign by his political opponents.
   他把所有的指责都归结为政治对手们的造谣攻势。
5. N-COUNT 涂片检查(对妇女子宫颈取样检查癌变的一种方法) A smear or a smear test is a medical test in which a few cells are taken from a woman’s cervix and examined to see if any cancer cells are present.
   in AM, use 美国英语用 pap smear, pap test

Question 16

smite verb \ˈsmīt\

Answer 16

1. VERB See also: smitten 猛击 To smite something means to hit it hard.
   …the heroic leader charging into battle, sword held high, ready to smite the enemy.
   英勇的首领高举利剑投入了战斗，准备狠狠地打击敌人。

— smit·er \ˈsmī-tər\ noun

He vowed that he would smite his enemy.

Misfortune smote him and all his family.

He smote the ball mightily.

Question 17

smog noun \ˈsmäg\

Answer 17

1. N-VAR 烟雾(烟与雾的混合物，见于某些重工业城市) Smog is a mixture of fog and smoke which occurs in some busy industrial cities.
   Cars cause pollution, both smog and acid rain.
   汽车造成的污染既有烟雾也有酸雨。

— smog·less \ˈsmä-gləs\ adjective

<the city’s smog was once so bad that darkness often prevailed, even at noon>

Question 18

snap·drag·on noun \ˈsnap-ˌdra-gən\

Answer 18

1. N-COUNT 金鱼草 A snapdragon is a common garden plant with small colourful flowers that can open and shut like a mouth.

Question 19

snip·er noun \ˈsnī-pə\

Answer 19

1. N-COUNT 狙击手 A sniper is someone who shoots at people from a hidden position.

Question 20

soar verb \ˈsȯr\

Answer 20

1. VERB (数量、价值、水平、规模等)急升，猛涨 If the amount, value, level, or volume of something soars, it quickly increases by a great deal.
   Insurance claims are expected to soar…
   预计保险索赔数量会急剧增加。
   Shares soared on the stock exchange…
   股市的股票价格暴涨。
2. VERB (鸟等)高飞，翱翔，升腾 If something such as a bird soars into the air, it goes quickly up into the air.
   If you’re lucky, a splendid golden eagle may soar into view…
   幸运的话，会有一只光彩夺目的金雕飞入你的视野。
   Buzzards soar overhead at a great height…
   秃鹰在高空翱翔。
3. VERB (树木、建筑等)高耸，屹立 Trees or buildings that soar upwards are very tall.
   The steeple soars skyward.
   尖顶高高耸立。
   …the soaring spires of churches like St Peter’s.
   如圣彼得教堂一样高耸入云的尖塔
4. VERB (音乐)音量猛地增大，音调陡然升高 If music soars, it rises greatly in volume or pitch.
   The music soared to the rafters, carrying its listeners’ hearts…
   音乐响彻屋宇，震撼人心。
   His soaring voice cuts straight to the heart.
   他那高昂的声音洞彻心扉。
5. VERB (情绪)高昂,高涨 If your spirits soar, you suddenly start to feel very happy.
   For the first time in months, my spirits soared.
   几个月来，我的情绪第一次高涨起来。

— soar·er noun

Question 21

so·di·um noun \ˈsō-dē-əm\

Answer 21

1. N-UNCOUNT 钠 Sodium is a silvery-white chemical element which combines with other chemicals. Salt is a sodium compound.
   The fish or seafood is heavily salted with pure sodium chloride.
   鱼或海鲜被抹了厚厚的纯盐腌制起来。
   …one level teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate powder.
   一平茶匙碳酸氢钠粉末
2. ADJ (发出橙色强光的)钠光的 Sodium lighting gives out a strong orange light.
   …the orange glow of the sodium streetlamps.
   钠光街灯的橙色光芒

Question 22

so·journ noun \ˈsō-ˌjərn\

Answer 22

1. N-COUNT 逗留;暂住 A sojourn is a short stay in a place that is not your home.

Our family enjoyed a two-week sojourn in the mountains.

<spent a relaxing sojourn in her friend’s summer home>

The visit with my father was preceded by a sojourn with my sister, Joy—an artistic type and sometime vegan who plays the part of patient vegetarian whenever her unrepentantly carnivorous brother drops in—and her husband, who were kind enough to pick me up at Heathrow. —John Haney, Gourmet, January 2003

Question 23

so·lic·it verb \sə-ˈli-sət\

Answer 23

1. VERB 请求给予(金钱、帮助、支持等);征求(意见) If you solicit money, help, support, or an opinion from someone, you ask them for it.
   He’s already solicited their support on health care reform…
   他已就医疗改革问题请求他们的支持。
   No tuition was charged by the school, which solicited contributions from the society’s members.
   学校不收学费，所需资金向协会会员募集。
2. VERB (妓女)拉客 When prostitutes solicit, they offer to have sex with people in return for money.
   Prostitutes were forbidden to solicit on public roads and in public places.
   禁止妓女在马路上和公共场所公然拉客。
   soliciting: Girls could get very heavy sentences for soliciting — nine months or more.女子拉客可能会被处以重刑—— 9 个月或 9 个月以上监禁。

Question 24

so·lo·ist noun \ˈsō-lə-wist\

Answer 24

1. N-COUNT 独奏者;独唱者;独舞者 A soloist is a musician or dancer who performs a solo.

Question 25

sol·ven·cy noun \ˈsäl-vən(t)-sē\

Answer 25

1. N-UNCOUNT 债务清偿能力 A person or organization’s solvency is their ability to pay their debts.
   【搭配模式】：usu with supp
   【语域标签】：BUSINESS 商

They reviewed financial records to measure the borrower’s solvency.

Question 26

so·mat·ic adj \sō-ˈma-tik\

Answer 26

adj.肉体的，躯体的，身体的

— so·mat·i·cal·ly -ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb

<a somatic disorder that was once thought to be “all in the patient’s head”>

Question 27

so·phis·ti·cat·ed adj \sə-ˈfis-tə-ˌkā-təd\

Answer 27

1. ADJ-GRADED (机器、装置等)高级的，精密的;(方法)复杂的 A sophisticated machine, device, or method is more advanced or complex than others.
   Honeybees use one of the most sophisticated communication systems of any insect.
   蜜蜂之间所用的交流方式是昆虫中最为复杂的方式之一。
   …a large and sophisticated new British telescope.
   一架崭新的大型英式精密望远镜
2. ADJ-GRADED 善于社交的;高雅时髦的;见过世面的 Someone who is sophisticated is comfortable in social situations and knows about culture, fashion, and other matters that are considered socially important.
   Claude was a charming, sophisticated companion…
   克劳德是一个很有魅力、见多识广的伙伴。
   Recently her tastes have become more sophisticated.
   最近她的品位越发优雅时髦起来。
3. ADJ-GRADED 精明老练的;老于世故的 A sophisticated person is intelligent and knows a lot, so that they are able to understand complicated situations.
   These people are very sophisticated observers of the foreign policy scene.
   这些人是观察外交政策领域动向的行家里手。

— so·phis·ti·cat·ed·ly adverb

Question 28

soph·o·more

noun

\ˈsäf-ˌmȯr\

Answer 28

1. N-COUNT (大学或中学的)二年级学生 A sophomore is a student in the second year of college or high school.
   【语域标签】：AM 美

She’s a sophomore in high school.

Question 29

so·pra·no adj \sə-ˈpra-(ˌ)nō\

Answer 29

1. N-COUNT 女高音歌手;童声高音歌手 A soprano is a woman, girl, or boy with a high singing voice.
   She was the main soprano at the Bolshoi theatre.
   她是莫斯科大剧院首席女高音歌手。
   …a pretty girl with a sweet soprano voice.
   拥有甜美高音的漂亮女孩
2. ADJ (指乐器)高音的 A soprano saxophone or other musical instrument has a range of notes of high pitch.

Question 30

span\ˈspan\

Answer 30

1. N-COUNT 间隔;期间 A span is the period of time between two dates or events during which something exists, functions, or happens.
   The batteries had a life span of six hours…
   这些电池的寿命为 6 小时。
   Gradually the time span between sessions will increase.
   会议之间的间隔将逐渐延长。
2. N-COUNT (注意力的)持续时间 Your concentration span or your attention span is the length of time you are able to concentrate on something or be interested in it.
   His ability to absorb information was astonishing, but his concentration span was short…
   他吸收信息的能力令人吃惊，但是他的注意力持续时间很短。
   Young children have a limited attention span and can’t concentrate on one activity for very long.
   小孩子的注意力持续时间十分有限，不能长时间地专注于一个活动。
3. VERB 持续;跨越;贯穿 If something spans a long period of time, it lasts throughout that period of time or relates to that whole period of time.
   His professional career spanned 16 years…
   他的职业生涯持续了 16 年。
   The film, spanning almost a quarter-century, tells the story of Henry Hill…
   这部时间跨度将近四分之一世纪的影片讲述的是亨利·希尔的故事。
4. VERB 包括;遍及 If something spans a range of things, all those things are included in it.
   Bernstein’s compositions spanned all aspects of music, from symphonies to musicals.
   伯恩斯坦创作的乐曲涉及了从交响乐到音乐剧等音乐的各个方面。
   …a remarkable man whose interests spanned almost every aspect of nature.
   一个兴趣广泛、几乎涉猎了自然学科所有领域的杰出男性
5. N-COUNT 宽度;宽幅 The span of something that extends or is spread out sideways is the total width of it from one end to the other.
   It is a very pretty butterfly, with a 2 inch wing span…
   这是一只非常美丽的蝴蝶，翼展 2 英寸。
   It may be that you are unaware of where your hip joint is; it is not at the waist but a good hand span below it.
   这也许是因为你并不晓得髋关节的位置，它不在腰部，而是位于腰部以下一手拃宽处。
6. VERB (桥等建筑物)横跨，跨越 A bridge or other structure that spans something such as a river or a valley stretches right across it.
   Travellers get from one side to the other by walking across a footbridge that spans a little stream.
   游客通过一座横跨小溪的步行桥从一边来到另一边。
   …the humped iron bridge spanning the railway…
   横越铁路的铁拱桥
7. See also: spick and span
8. ADJ 非常整洁的 A place that is spick and span is very clean and tidy.
   The apartment was spick and span.
   公寓非常整洁。

Question 31

Span·iard noun \ˈspan-yərd\

Answer 31

1. N-COUNT 西班牙人；西班牙裔人 A Spaniard is a Spanish citizen, or a person of Spanish origin.

Question 32

spark noun \ˈspärk\

Answer 32

1. N-COUNT 火花;火星 A spark is a tiny bright piece of burning material that flies up from something that is burning.
   The fire gradually got bigger and bigger. Sparks flew off in all directions.
   火越燃越烈，火星四溅。
2. N-COUNT 电火花;火花放电 A spark is a flash of light caused by electricity. It often makes a loud sound.
   He passed an electric spark through a mixture of gases.
   他让一束电火花穿过了一团混合气体。
3. VERB 发出火花;闪光 If something sparks, sparks of fire or light come from it.
   The wires were sparking above me…
   电线在我头顶上方冒着火花。
   I stared into the flames of the fire as it sparked to life.
   火光在闪烁，我注视着熊熊燃烧的烈焰。
4. VERB 引起(大火) If a burning object or electricity sparks a fire, it causes a fire.
   A dropped cigarette may have sparked the fire.
   可能是丢弃的烟头导致了这场大火。
5. N-COUNT 微量;一点点 A spark of a quality or feeling, especially a desirable one, is a small but noticeable amount of it.
   His music lacked that vital spark of imagination…
   他的音乐缺少非常关键的那一点灵感。
   Even Oliver felt a tiny spark of excitement.
   连奥利弗都感到一丝兴奋。
6. VERB 触发;引发 If one thing sparks another, the first thing causes the second thing to start happening.
   What was it that sparked your interest in motoring?
   是什么让你对开车产生了兴趣？
   The proposals are expected to spark heated debate.
   这些提议估计会引起激烈的争论。
   Spark off means the same as spark .spark off 同 spark
7. PHRASE 激烈争论;热烈讨论 If sparks fly between people, they discuss something in an excited or angry way.
   They are not afraid to tackle the issues or let the sparks fly when necessary.
   他们不怕应对这些问题，也不怕必要时来一番激烈的争论。

相关词组：spark off

Question 33

spate noun \ˈspāt\

Answer 33

1. N-COUNT 大批，一连串，一阵(尤指令人不快之物) A spate of things, especially unpleasant things, is a large number of them that happen or appear within a short period of time.
   …the recent spate of attacks on horses.
   最近发生的一连串袭马事件
   …the current spate of scandals.
   目前流传的大量谣言
2. PHRASE (河水)猛涨，泛滥 When a river is in spate it contains a lot more water than usual and is flowing very fast.
   The Thames was in spate, with flocks of Canada geese speeding downriver.
   泰晤士河河水暴涨，成群的加拿大雁迅速游向下游。

Question 34

spa·tial adj \ˈspā-shəl\

Answer 34

1. ADJ 空间的;与空间有关的 Spatial is used to describe things relating to areas.
   …the spatial distribution of black employment and population in South Africa.
   南非黑人就业与人口的空间分布
   …spatial constraints.
   空间的限制
   spatially: The growth of home ownership has been both socially and spatially uneven.住宅拥有人数的增长在社会阶层和地域上分布不均。…jobs that are more spatially dispersed throughout the country.在全国分布更加分散的工作职位
2. ADJ (能力)理解立体空间的 Your spatial ability is your ability to see and understand the relationships between shapes, spaces, and areas.
   His manual dexterity and fine spatial skills were wasted on routine tasks.
   他灵巧的动手能力和杰出的空间识别能力都浪费在日常事务上了。
   …spatial awareness.
   空间方位感

— spa·ti·al·i·ty \ˌspā-shē-ˈa-lə-tē\ noun
— spa·tial·ly \ˈspā-sh(ə-)lē\ adverb

Question 35

speak out

Answer 35

1. PHRASAL VERB 公开表白;大胆说出 If you speak out against something or in favour of something, you say publicly that you think it is bad or good.
   As tempers rose, he spoke out strongly against some of the radical ideas for selling off state-owned property…
   随着火气越来越大，他公开对出售国有资产的一些激进观点表示强烈反对。
   Viktor Shklovsky spoke out in defence of the book…
   维克多·什科洛夫斯基为这本书公开辩护。

Question 36

spe·cif·ic adj \spi-ˈsi-fik\

Answer 36

1. ADJ-GRADED (部位、问题、题目等)特定的，特别的 You use specific to refer to a particular fixed area, problem, or subject.
   Massage may help to increase blood flow to specific areas of the body…
   按摩有助于增加身体特定部位的血液流量。
   There are several specific problems to be dealt with…
   有几个特定问题需要解决。
2. ADJ-GRADED （表达）明确的，确切的，具体的 If someone is specific, they give a description that is precise and exact. You can also use specific to describe their description.
   I asked him to be more specific…
   我要求他说得更具体些。
   These nerve centres generate rhythmic movements; or to be more specific, rhythmic stomach movements…
   这些神经中心产生有节奏的运动，或者更确切地说，是有节奏的肠胃蠕动。
   specificity: …the kind of extreme specificity normally associated only with computer programmes.通常只有计算机程序才会具备的那种极端明晰性
3. ADJ 特有的;独特的;只与…有关的 Something that is specific to a particular thing is connected with that thing only.
   Send your resume with a cover letter that is specific to that particular job.
   寄出你的简历并附上一份针对那个特定工作岗位的附函。
   Specific is also used after nouns.(亦用在名词后)
   Most studies of trade have been country-specific.
   有关贸易的多数研究都是针对某个具体国家的。

— spe·cif·i·cal·ly -fi-k(ə-)lē\ adverb

Question 37

spec·i·men noun \ˈspes-mən\

Answer 37

1. N-COUNT (动植物的)标本 A specimen is a single plant or animal which is an example of a particular species or type and is examined by scientists.
   200,000 specimens of fungus are kept at the Komarov Botanical Institute.
   有 20 万份菌类标本被保存在科马罗夫植物研究所。
   …North American fossil specimens…
   北美化石标本
2. N-COUNT 样品;样本 A specimen of something is an example of it which gives an idea of what the whole of it is like.
   Job applicants have to submit a specimen of handwriting.
   求职者必须要提交一份笔迹样本。
   …a specimen bank note.
   样钞
3. N-COUNT (供检验用的尿、血液等体液的)抽样，样本 A specimen is a small quantity of someone’s urine, blood, or other body fluid which is examined in a medical laboratory, in order to find out if they are ill or if they have been drinking alcohol or taking drugs.
   He refused to provide a specimen…
   他拒绝提供血样。
   If your urine specimen shows the presence of bacteria, you’ll be prescribed antibiotics.
   如果你的尿样显示有细菌存在，医生会给你开抗生素。
4. N-COUNT 具有…特性的人；…的典型 You can use specimen to refer to someone who has a quality of a particular kind.
   What a poor specimen that child is!…
   那孩子真不幸！
   He is a fine specimen of his class.
   他是他那类人的典型代表。

Question 38

spec·ter noun \ˈspek-tər\

Answer 38

n.鬼怪； 幽灵； 缠绕心头的恐惧； 凶兆

<feeling so terrified that every shadow became a specter>

Question 39

spec·trum noun \ˈspek-trəm\

Answer 39

1. N-SING 光谱 The spectrum is the range of different colours which is produced when light passes through a glass prism or through a drop of water. A rainbow shows the colours in the spectrum.
2. N-COUNT 系列;范围 A spectrum is a range of a particular type of thing.
   She’d seen his moods range across the emotional spectrum…
   她见识过他的情绪波动会有多大。
   Politicians across the political spectrum have denounced the act…
   各党派的政客们都对该行为表示谴责。
3. N-COUNT 波谱(如光波波谱、无线电波波谱等) A spectrum is a range of light waves or radio waves within particular frequencies.
   Vast amounts of energy, from X-rays right through the spectrum down to radio waves, are escaping into space…
   大量的能量，从 X 光直到无线电电波，都正被泄露到太空中去。
   The individual colours within the light spectrum are believed to have an effect on health.
   光谱中不同的颜色被认为对健康有不同的影响。

Question 40

spec·u·late verb \ˈspe-kyə-ˌlāt\

Answer 40

1. VERB 推测;猜测;猜想 If you speculate about something, you make guesses about its nature or identity, or about what might happen.
   Critics of the project speculate about how many hospitals could be built instead…
   对该项目持批评态度的人在推测如果改作他用不知可以建多少所医院。
   It would be unfair to Debby’s family to speculate on the reasons for her suicide…
   猜测黛比自杀的原因对她的家人来说是不公平的。
   speculation: The President has gone out of his way to dismiss speculation over the future of the economy minister…总统已竭力否认了对经济部长前途的猜测。I had published my speculations about the future of the universe in the Review of Modern Physics.我已经在《现代物理评论》上发表了自己对宇宙未来的猜测。
2. VERB 投机;做投机买卖 If someone speculates financially, they buy property, stocks, or shares, in the hope of being able to sell them again at a higher price and make a profit.
   Big farmers are moving in, not in order to farm, but in order to speculate with rising land prices…
   大农场主正在不断涌进来，不是为了耕作，而是要利用不断上涨的地价进行投机。
   The banks made too many risky loans which now can’t be repaid, and they speculated in property whose value has now dropped.
   各银行贷出去太多高风险贷款，目前无法收回，他们还进行地产投机，而地产的价值目前已经下跌了。

— spec·u·la·tor -ˌlā-tər\ noun

Question 41

speculative fever

Answer 41

投机热

Question 42

speed velocity

Answer 42

临界速度

Question 43

spew verb \ˈspyü\

Answer 43

1. V-ERG (使)喷出;(使)放出;(使)涌出 When something spews out a substance or when a substance spews from something, the substance flows out quickly in large quantities.
   The volcano spewed out more scorching volcanic ashes, gases and rocks…
   火山喷出更多灼热的火山灰、气体和岩块。
   Leaking oil spewed from the tanker…
   泄漏的油从油轮里涌出。
2. VERB 呕吐 If someone spews or spews up, they vomit.
   He’s pissed. Let’s get out of his way before he starts spewing.
   他很恼火。趁他还没有发作，我们赶快离他远点儿。

— spew·er noun

Answer 44

vt. 拼写； 导致，意味着； 组成（一个词）的字母是……
vi. 轮替
n. .符咒，咒语； 魅力； 一段时间； 轮班

Question 45

sphere noun \ˈsfir\

Answer 45

1. N-COUNT 球(体)；球形 A sphere is an object that is completely round in shape like a ball.
2. N-COUNT (活动、兴趣等的)范围，领域 A sphere of activity or interest is a particular area of activity or interest.
   …the sphere of international politics.
   国际政治领域
   …nurses, working in all spheres of the health service.
   在公共医疗保健服务业的各领域工作的护士们
3. N-COUNT (社会地位或兴趣等相同的)人群，阶层，圈子 A sphere of people is a group of them who are similar in social status or who have the same interests.
   …the realities of life outside the government and academic spheres of society.
   政府和学术界以外社会阶层的生活现状
4. PHRASE (国家的)势力范围，影响所及的范围 A country’s sphere of influence is an area of the world where it has a lot of influence.
   They see the region as their natural sphere of influence due to their historical links and a shared language.
   基于历史上的联系和共同的语言，他们把该地区看成是自己天然的势力范围。
   …countries traditionally within the British or American spheres of influence.
   传统上处于英国或美国势力范围内的国家

— spher·ic \ˈsfir-ik\ adjective, archaic
— sphe·ric·i·ty \sfir-ˈi-sə-tē\ noun

Question 46

spher·ule noun \ˈsfir-ül\

Answer 46

n.小球(体)

Question 47

spill·over noun, often attributive \ˈspil-ˌō-vər\

Answer 47

1. N-COUNT 伴随的结果(或影响) A spillover is a situation or feeling that starts in one place but then begins to happen or have an effect somewhere else.
   Some jobs are quite likely to have a negative spillover into family life…
   有些工作很可能会对家庭生活产生不良影响。
   Spillover damage from the building’s demolition was confined to some broken glass.
   拆除这座大楼带来的损失仅仅是一些玻璃被震碎了。

Question 48

spine noun \ˈspīn\

Answer 48

1. N-COUNT 脊椎;脊柱 Your spine is the row of bones down your back.
2. N-COUNT 书脊 The spine of a book is the narrow stiff part which the pages and covers are attached to.
3. N-COUNT (动物身体上的)棘状突起;(植物上的)棘，刺，针 Spines are also long, sharp points on an animal’s body or on a plant.

— spined \ˈspīnd\ adjective
— spine·like -ˌlīk\ adjective

This X-ray shows her spine.

Hedgehogs are covered with spines.

They lack the spine to do what needs to be done.

Question 49

spite·ful adj \ˈspīt-fəl\

Answer 49

1. ADJ-GRADED 怀有恶意的;怀恨在心的 Someone who is spiteful does cruel things to hurt people they dislike.
   He could be spiteful.
   他可能怀有恶意。
   …a stream of spiteful telephone calls.
   一连串恶意电话
   spitefully: We crept into our little sister’s bedroom and spitefully defaced her pop posters.我们偷偷溜进妹妹的卧室，不怀好意地把她的歌星宣传画涂脏。

— spite·ful·ly -fə-lē\ adverb
— spite·ful·ness noun

<the gossip would utter the most vicious things with a spiteful smile>

Question 50

spleen noun \ˈsplēn\

Answer 50

1. N-COUNT 脾;脾脏 Your spleen is an organ near your stomach that controls the quality of your blood.
2. N-UNCOUNT 大发脾气;大怒 Spleen is great and bitter anger.
   Paul Fussell’s latest book vents his spleen against everything he hates about his country…
   保罗·富塞尔在新作中发泄了他对国家的所有不满。
   There were other targets for Mr Livingston’s spleen.
   让利文斯顿先生大怒的还有其他一些人。

<vented her spleen and felt much better for having done so>

<the bill’s failure to pass in the legislature was due to nothing more than partisan spleen>