GMAT 03

Question 1

strive verb \ˈstrīv\

Answer 1

1. VERB 努力;奋斗;力争;力求 If you strive to do something or strive for something, you make a great effort to do it or get it.
   The past tense is either strove or strived, and the past participle is either striven or strived. 过去式为 strove 或 strived，过去分词为 striven 或 strived
   He strives hard to keep himself very fit…
   他努力地保持身体健康。
   She strove to read the name on the stone pillar…
   她费劲地读着石柱上的名字。
   striving: …a politician consumed by his own passionate striving for leadership.一心为当权而拼命往上爬的政客

— striv·er \ˈstrī-vər\ noun

Question 2

stroke verb \ˈstrōk\

Answer 2

1. VERB 轻抚;抚摩 If you stroke someone or something, you move your hand slowly and gently over them.
   Carla, curled up on the sofa, was smoking a cigarette and stroking her cat…
   卡拉正蜷缩在沙发上，一边吸着烟，一边轻抚着她的猫咪。
   She walked forward and embraced him and stroked his tousled white hair.
   她走上前拥抱他并轻抚他凌乱的白发。
2. N-COUNT 中风;脑卒中 If someone has a stroke, a blood vessel in their brain bursts or becomes blocked, which may kill them or make them unable to move one side of their body.
   He had a minor stroke in 1987, which left him partly paralysed.
   他 1987 年曾患轻度中风，之后就半身不遂了。
3. N-COUNT (铅笔、刷子的)一笔，一挥，笔画 The strokes of a pen or brush are the movements or marks that you make with it when you are writing or painting.
   Fill in gaps by using short, upward strokes of the pencil.
   用铅笔向上短短地勾画几道来填充空白。
4. N-COUNT 划水动作;划桨动作;(游泳或划船的)一次划水 When you are swimming or rowing, your strokes are the repeated movements that you make with your arms or the oars.
   I turned and swam a few strokes further out to sea…
   我转身向海里又游了几下。
   The boatmen accompany the stroke of their oars with the sound of their voices.
   船夫们一边划桨一边喊号子。
5. N-COUNT 游泳姿势;游法 A swimming stroke is a particular style or method of swimming.
   She spent hours practising the breast stroke.
   她花了数小时练习蛙泳。
6. N-COUNT 钟声;鸣;敲 The strokes of a clock are the sounds that indicate each hour.
   On the stroke of 12, fireworks suddenly exploded into the night.
   12 点的钟声刚敲响，焰火便在夜空中绽放。
7. N-COUNT 击球(动作);一击;一抽 In sports such as tennis, baseball, cricket, and golf, a stroke is the action of hitting the ball.
   Compton was sending the ball here, there, and everywhere with each stroke.
   康普顿一会将球打到这里，一会打到那里，每一拍的落点都不同。
8. N-SING 一件(幸运的)事 A stroke of luck or good fortune is something lucky that happens.
   It didn’t rain, which turned out to be a stroke of luck.
   天没下雨，结果成了件幸事。
9. N-SING (灵感的)突发;(天才的)一举 A stroke of genius or inspiration is a very good idea that someone suddenly has.
   At the time, his appointment seemed a stroke of genius.
   当时，对他的任命犹如神来之笔。
10. PHRASE 一下子;一举 If something happens at a stroke or in one stroke, it happens suddenly and completely because of one single action.
    The disease wiped out 40 million rabbits at a stroke…
    该疾病一下子就使 4,000 万只兔子丧命。
    How can Britain reduce its prison population in one stroke?
    英国如何能一下子减少其监狱服刑人数?
11. PHRASE 动一动;干一点 If someone does not do a stroke of work, they are very lazy and do no work at all.
    I never did a stroke of work at college.
    我在上大学时懒得要命。

Question 3

strut verb \ˈstrət\

Answer 3

1. VERB 趾高气扬地走;昂首阔步 Someone who struts walks in a proud way, with their head held high and their chest out, as if they are very important.
   He struts around town like he owns the place.
   他在城里大摇大摆地晃荡，好像那是他的地盘。
   If you strut your stuff, you act in a proud way and show off.炫耀;卖弄
   He got up to strut his stuff on the dance-floor.
   他起身到舞池里炫耀自己的舞技。
2. N-COUNT 撑杆;支杆;支柱;支撑 A strut is a piece of wood or metal which holds the weight of other pieces in a building or other structure.
   …the struts of a suspension bridge.
   吊桥的支柱

— strut·ter noun — strut one’s stuffto display one’s best work : show off

Question 4

stul·ti·fy verb \ˈstəl-tə-ˌfī\

Answer 4

1. VERB 使思维迟钝;使厌烦;使呆滞 If something stultifies you, it makes you feel empty or dull in your mind, because it is so boring.
   This attitude stultifies scientific progress…
   这种态度会扼杀科学的进步。
   Only a uniformed guard stultified with boredom might have overheard them.
   只有一名穿制服的无聊警卫可能偷听到了他们的谈话。
   stultifying: A rigid routine can be stultifying and boring.刻板单调的生活会让人觉得无聊乏味。

— stul·ti·fi·ca·tion \ˌstəl-tə-fə-ˈkā-shən\ noun

Question 5

stumbling \ˈstəm-bliŋ-\ block

Answer 5

1. N-COUNT 障碍物;绊脚石 A stumbling block is a problem which stops you from achieving something.
   Perhaps the major stumbling block to reunification is the military presence in South Korea.
   也许实现统一最大的绊脚石是驻扎在韩国的军队。

Question 6

stunt verb \ˈstənt\

Answer 6

1. N-COUNT 引人注意的花招;噱头 A stunt is something interesting that is done in order to attract attention and get publicity for the person or company responsible for it.
   In a bold promotional stunt for the movie, he smashed his car into a passing truck.
   为了给电影制造噱头以吸引眼球，他把汽车猛地撞向一辆驶过的卡车。
2. N-COUNT (电影中的)特技表演 A stunt is a dangerous and exciting piece of action in a film.
   Sean Connery insisted on living dangerously for his new film by performing his own stunts.
   肖恩·康纳利在他的新片中为求真实，坚持自己出演特技部分。
3. VERB 阻碍(生长);妨碍(发展);遏制 If something stunts the growth or development of a person or thing, it prevents it from growing or developing as much as it should.
   The heart condition had stunted his growth a bit…
   心脏病已经多少影响了他的成长。
   High interest rates have stunted economic growth.
   高利率已经阻碍了经济的增长。
   stunted: Damage may result in stunted growth and sometimes death of the plant.其危害可能会阻碍植物的生长，有时还会导致植物死亡。…low stunted trees.没能长大的矮小树木
4. PHRASE 冒险;逞能;干傻事 If someone pulls a stunt, they do something silly or risky.
   The days when they needed to pull publicity stunts to get noticed are long gone.
   他们靠作秀出名的日子早已过去。

Question 7

stur·dy adj \ˈstər-dē\

Answer 7

1. ADJ-GRADED 坚固的;结实的;强壮的 Someone or something that is sturdy looks strong and is unlikely to be easily injured or damaged.
   She was a short, sturdy woman in her early sixties…
   她是个 60 岁出头、身材矮小结实的女人。
   The camera was mounted on a sturdy tripod.
   相机固定在一个坚固的三脚架上。
   sturdily: It was a good table too, sturdily constructed of elm.这也是张很不错的桌子，榆木的，很结实。

Question 8

sub·con·scious adj \ˌsəb-ˈkän(t)-shəs\

Answer 8

1. N-SING 潜意识;下意识 Your subconscious is the part of your mind that can influence you or affect your behaviour even though you are not aware of it.
   …the hidden power of the subconscious…
   潜意识的潜在力量
   The memory of it all was locked deep in my subconscious.
   关于它的一切记忆都深植于我的潜意识里。
2. ADJ 下意识的;潜意识的 A subconscious feeling or action exists in or is influenced by your subconscious.
   He caught her arm in a subconscious attempt to detain her.
   他下意识地抓住她的胳膊想挽留她。
   …a subconscious cry for affection.
   潜意识里渴望得到关爱
   subconsciously: Subconsciously I had known that I would not be in personal danger.我潜意识里已经知道我不会有人身危险。

— sub·con·scious·ly adverb
— sub·con·scious·ness noun

Question 9

sub·con·tract noun \ˌsəb-ˈkän-ˌtrakt\

Answer 9

1. VERB 将…分包；将…转包 If one firm subcontracts part of its work to another firm, it pays the other firm to do part of the work that it has been employed to do.
   The verb is pronounced /ˌsʌbkən’trækt/. The noun is pronounced /sʌb’kɒntrækt/. 动词读作 /ˌsʌbkən’trækt/，名词读作 /sʌb’kɒntrækt/。
   The company is subcontracting production of most of the parts…
   该公司外包了大部分零部件的生产。
   They are cutting costs by subcontracting work out to other local firms.
   他们通过将任务转包给当地其他公司来减少成本。
2. N-COUNT 分包合同;转包契约 A subcontract is a contract between a firm which is being employed to do a job and another firm which agrees to do part of that job.

Question 10

sub·due verb \səb-ˈdyü\

Answer 10

1. VERB 制服;征服;控制 If soldiers or the police subdue a group of people, they defeat them or bring them under control by using force.
   Senior government officials admit they have not been able to subdue the rebels.
   政府高级官员承认他们还没能制服反叛者。
2. VERB 抑制，压制，克制(感情) To subdue feelings means to make them less strong.
   He forced himself to subdue and overcome his fears.
   他强迫自己克制并战胜恐惧心理。

— sub·du·er noun

Question 11

sub·ject noun \ˈsəb-jikt\

Answer 11

10. N-COUNT (通常指君主制国家的)国民，臣民 The people who live in or belong to a particular country, usually one ruled by a monarch, are the subjects of that monarch or country.
    …his subjects regarded him as a great and wise monarch…
    他的臣民把他视为伟大而英明的君主
    Roughly half of them are British subjects.
    他们中大约有一半是英国国民。
11. ADJ 臣服的;受他国统治的 Subject peoples and countries are ruled or controlled by the government of another country.
    The subject peoples of her empire were anxious for their own independence.
    她的帝国中被迫向她臣服的民族迫切渴望自身的独立。
    …colonies and other subject territories.
    殖民地和其他臣服的属地

Question 12

sub·or·di·nate adj \sə-ˈbȯr-də-nət\

Answer 12

1. N-COUNT 下级;下属;部属 If someone is your subordinate, they have a less important position than you in the organization that you both work for.
   The noun and adjective are pronounced /’səbɔdɪnət/. The verb is pronounced /’səbɔdɪneɪt/. 名词和形容词读作 /’səbɔdɪnət/。动词读作 /’səbɔdɪneɪt/。
   Haig tended not to seek guidance from subordinates…
   黑格不愿向下属请教。
   Nearly all her subordinates adored her.
   几乎所有的下属都崇拜她。
2. ADJ 隶属的;从属的;下级的 Someone who is subordinate to you has a less important position than you and has to obey you.
   Sixty of his subordinate officers followed his example…
   他的60个下级官员都以他为榜样。
   Women were regarded as subordinate to free men.
   过去女人被认为是从属于自由民的。
3. ADJ-GRADED 次要的;其次的 Something that is subordinate to something else is less important than the other thing.
   It was an art in which words were subordinate to images.
   这是一种形象胜于语言的艺术。
4. VERB 把…置于次要地位;看轻 If you subordinate something to another thing, you regard it or treat it as less important than the other thing.
   He was both willing and able to subordinate all else to this aim.
   为了这个目标他愿意并能够把其他一切都放在次要的位置。
   subordination: …the social subordination of women.女性的社会从属地位…economic subordination to Europe.经济上从属于欧洲

— sub·or·di·nate·ly adverb
— sub·or·di·nate·ness noun

Question 13

sub·scribe verb \səb-ˈskrīb\

Answer 13

1. N-COUNT (杂志或报纸的)订阅人，订购者，订户 A magazine’s or a newspaper’s subscribers are the people who pay to receive copies of it regularly.
   I have been a subscriber to Railway Magazine for many years.
   我订阅《铁路杂志》已有很多年了。
2. N-COUNT 消费者;用户 Subscribers to a service are the people who pay to receive the service.
   China has almost 15 million subscribers to satellite and cable television.
   中国有将近 1,500 万卫星电视和有线电视用户。
3. N-COUNT (慈善机构、活动的)定期捐款者，定期捐助者;(组织的)定期缴费者，会员 The subscribers to a charity, campaign, or organization are the people who support it by sending money regularly to it.
   【搭配模式】：usu pl, oft N to n

— sub·scrib·er noun

Question 14

sub·scrip·tion noun \səb-ˈskrip-shən\

Answer 14

1. N-COUNT 会员费;用户费;捐助款;订阅费 A subscription is an amount of money that you pay regularly in order to belong to an organization, to help a charity or campaign, or to receive copies of a magazine or newspaper.
   You can become a member by paying the yearly subscription.
   支付一年的会员费就可以成为会员。
2. ADJ (电视或电视频道)付费的，收费的 Subscription television is television that you can watch only if you pay a subscription. A subscription channel is a channel that you can watch only if you pay a subscription.
   Premiere, a subscription channel which began in 1991, shows live football covering the top two divisions…
   开播于 1991 年的付费电视频道 premiere 实况转播两大顶级足球联赛的赛事。
   East Coast Pay Television was Australia’s first digital direct broadcast satellite subscription television service.
   东海岸付费电视台是澳大利亚第一家提供数字化卫星直播服务的收费电视频道。

Question 15

sub·se·quent adj \ˈsəb-si-kwənt\

Answer 15

1. ADJ 随后的;后来的 You use subsequent to describe something that happened or existed after the time or event that has just been referred to.
   …the increase of population in subsequent years…
   随后几年人口的增长
   Those concerns were overshadowed by subsequent events.
   随后发生的事使之前所关注的那些问题显得无足轻重。
   subsequently: She subsequently became the Faculty’s President…她随后成了系主任。Subsequently the arrangement was terminated.后来这个计划被终止了。
2. PHRASE 在…之后;继…之后 If something happened subsequent to something else, it happened after that thing.
   They won only one more game subsequent to their Cup semi-final win last year.
   继去年在杯赛半决赛中获胜后，他们仅又赢过一场比赛。

— subsequent noun
— sub·se·quent·ly -ˌkwent-lē\ adverb

Question 16

sub·sid·i·ary adj \səb-ˈsi-dē-ˌer-ē\

Answer 16

1. N-COUNT 附属公司;子公司 A subsidiary or a subsidiary company is a company which is part of a larger and more important company.
   …British Asia Airways, a subsidiary of British Airways.
   英国亚洲航空公司，英国航空公司的子公司
2. ADJ 辅助的;附带的;次要的 If something is subsidiary, it is less important than something else with which it is connected.
   The economics ministry has increasingly played a subsidiary role to the finance ministry.
   经济部已经越来越成了财政部的附属了。

— sub·sid·i·ari·ly -ˌsi-dē-ˈer-ə-lē\ adverb

Question 17

sub·si·dize verb \ˈsəb-sə-ˌdīz\

Answer 17

1. VERB 资助;补助;给…发津贴 If a government or other authority subsidizes something, they pay part of the cost of it.
   in BRIT, also use 英国英语亦用 subsidise
   Around the world, governments have subsidized the housing of middle and upper-income groups…
   全世界各国政府都为中高收入群体提供过住房补贴。
   At the moment they are existing on pensions that are subsidised by the government.
   此刻他们正依靠政府发放的养老金维持生计。
   subsidized: …heavily subsidized prices for housing, bread, and meat.给予了优厚补贴的住房、面包和肉的价格
2. VERB (政府)资助，出资支持 If a government subsidizes an industry, they provide money so that the industry can continue.
   The government continues to subsidize the production of eggs and beef.
   政府继续出资扶持鸡蛋和牛肉的生产。
   …a government decision to subsidise coal mining.
   政府资助煤矿开采的决定
   subsidized: …Scotland’s subsidised theatre.苏格兰政府资助的剧院

— sub·si·di·za·tion \ˌsəb-sə-də-ˈzā-shən\ noun
— sub·si·diz·er noun

Question 18

sub·stan·tial adj \səb-ˈstan(t)-shəl\

Answer 18

1. ADJ-GRADED 大量的;相当程度的;重大的 Substantial means large in amount or degree. →see usage note at: important
   The party has just lost office and with it a substantial number of seats…
   该党刚刚竞选失利，同时还失去了许多席位。
   That is a very substantial improvement in the present situation.
   在当前形势下这是一个非常巨大的进步。
2. ADJ-GRADED (建筑物)大而坚固的，结实的，牢固的 A substantial building is large and strongly built.
   …those fortunate enough to have a fairly substantial property to sell.
   那些有相当多的固定资产可出售的幸运儿

— substantial noun
— sub·stan·ti·al·i·ty -ˌstan(t)-shē-ˈa-lə-tē\ noun
— sub·stan·tial·ly -ˈstan(t)-sh(ə-)lē\ adverb
— sub·stan·tial·ness -ˈstan(t)-shəl-nəs\ noun

Question 19

sub·stan·ti·ate verb \səb-ˈstan(t)-shē-ˌāt\

Answer 19

1. VERB 证实;证明 To substantiate a statement or a story means to supply evidence which proves that it is true.
   There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims.
   这些主张几乎找不到科学依据来证实。
   substantiation: There may be alternative methods of substantiation other than written records.除书面记录外，可能还有其他方法可以证实。

— sub·stan·ti·a·tion -ˌstan(t)-shē-ˈā-shən\ noun
— sub·stan·ti·a·tive -ˈstan(t)-shē-ˌā-tiv\ adjective

Question 20

sub·stan·tive noun \ˈsəb-stən-tiv\

Answer 20

1. ADJ-GRADED 本质上的;重大的;实质性的 Substantive negotiations or issues deal with the most important and central aspects of a subject.
   They plan to meet again in Rome very soon to begin substantive negotiations.
   他们计划不久在罗马再次会晤以开始实质性的谈判。

— sub·stan·tiv·ize -ti-ˌvīz\ transitive verb

Question 21

sub·strate noun \ˈsəb-ˌstrāt\

Answer 21

n.(有机体的)培养基； <生>酶作用物； (供绘画、印刷等的)底面； 印刷里指承印物

Question 22

sub·ter·fuge noun \ˈsəb-tər-ˌfyüj\

Answer 22

1. N-VAR 诡计;手段;伎俩;花招 Subterfuge is a trick or a dishonest way of getting what you want.
   Most people can see right through that type of subterfuge…
   大多数人能一眼看透这种伎俩。
   The party has predictably rejected the proposals as a subterfuge.
   不出所料，该党以这些提议是在耍花招为由而加以拒绝。

Question 23

sub·tract verb \səb-ˈtrakt\

Answer 23

1. VERB 减;减去 If you subtract one number from another, you do a calculation in which you take it away from the other number. For example, if you subtract 3 from 5, you get 2.
   Mandy subtracted the date of birth from the date of death…
   曼迪用去世的日期减去出生的日期。
   We have subtracted $25 per adult to arrive at a basic room rate.
   我们已给每位成人房客减去了 25 美元，这就是基本的房费价格了。
   subtraction: She’s ready to learn simple addition and subtraction…她已经可以开始学习简单的加减法。I looked at what he’d given me and did a quick subtraction.我看着他给我的东西，快速做了个减法。

— sub·tract·er noun

Question 24

suc·cumb verb \sə-ˈkəm\

Answer 24

1. VERB 屈从于，屈服于，抵挡不住(诱惑或压力) If you succumb to temptation or pressure, you do something that you want to do, or that other people want you to do, although you feel it might be wrong.
   Don’t succumb to the temptation to have just one cigarette…
   不要经不住诱惑，只抽一支烟也不行。
   The Minister said his country would never succumb to pressure.
   首相说他的国家永远都不会屈服于压迫。
2. VERB 感染，死于(疾病) If you succumb to an illness, you become affected by it or die from it.
   A few years later, Katya succumbed to cancer in London…
   几年后，卡佳因患癌症在伦敦病逝。
   I was determined not to succumb to the virus.
   我坚决不向病毒屈服。

Question 25

sue verb \ˈsü\

Answer 25

1. VERB (通常为索赔而)控告，对…提起诉讼 If you sue someone, you start a legal case against them, usually in order to claim money from them because they have harmed you in some way.
   Mr Warren sued him for libel over the remarks…
   沃伦先生控告他散布诽谤性言论。
   The company could be sued for damages…
   该公司可能会被起诉，要求其赔偿损失。

Question 26

suf·fice verb \sə-ˈfīs\

Answer 26

1. VERB 足够;充足 If you say that something will suffice, you mean it will be enough to achieve a purpose or to fulfil a need.
   A cover letter should never exceed one page; often a far shorter letter will suffice.
   附信不应超过一页，通常来说，一封相对非常简短的信就足够了。
2. PHRASE (用于句首)无须多说，只需说…就够了 Suffice it to say or suffice to say is used at the beginning of a statement to indicate that what you are saying is obvious, or that you will only give a short explanation.
   Suffice it to say that afterwards we never met again…
   简单地说，此后我们再也没有见过面。
   Suffice to say, it was more than a couple of years ago!
   我只想说，那是几年前的事了！

— suf·fic·er noun

Question 27

sug·ar·cane noun \ˈshu̇-gər-ˌkān\

Answer 27

n.<植>甘蔗

Question 28

sul·fur noun \ˈsəl-fər\

Answer 28

n. 硫磺，硫黄； 硫磺色
vt. 用硫磺处理

— sul·fury or sul·phury -ē\ adjective

Question 29

sul·phate

Answer 29

1. N-MASS 硫酸盐 A sulphate is a salt of sulphuric acid.
   in AM, use 美国英语用 sulfate
   …copper sulphate.
   硫酸铜
   …sulphate of potash.
   硫酸钾

Question 30

sul·tan noun \ˈsəl-t^ən\

Answer 30

1. N-TITLE; N-COUNT 苏丹(某些伊斯兰国家统治者的称号) A sultan is a ruler in some Muslim countries.
   …during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid.
   在苏丹阿卜杜勒·哈米德统治期间

— sul·tan·ic \ˌsəl-ˈta-nik\ adjective

Question 31

su·perb adj \su̇-ˈpərb\

Answer 31

1. ADJ-GRADED 极佳的;卓越的;质量极高的 If something is superb, its quality is very good indeed.
   There is a superb 18-hole golf course 6 miles away…
   6 英里外有一个一流的 18 洞高尔夫球场。
   The waters are crystal clear and offer a superb opportunity for swimming.
   这片水域水质清澈，是游泳的绝佳场所。
   superbly: The orchestra played superbly.这支管弦乐队演奏得棒极了。
2. ADJ-GRADED (信心、控制力、技巧)非同一般的，超凡的 If you say that someone has superb confidence, control, or skill, you mean that they have very great confidence, control, or skill.
   With superb skill he managed to make a perfect landing.
   他凭借超凡的技术实现了完美着陆。
   superbly: …his superbly disciplined opponent…他那训练有素的对手The sports complex is huge and superbly well-equipped.这个综合体育馆规模巨大，设备一流。

— su·perb·ly adverb
— su·perb·ness noun

Question 32

su·per·fi·cial adj \ˌsü-pər-ˈfi-shəl\

Answer 32

1. ADJ-GRADED 肤浅的;浅薄的;粗枝大叶的 If you describe someone as superficial, you disapprove of them because they do not think deeply, and have little understanding of anything serious or important.
   This guy is a superficial yuppie with no intellect whatsoever…
   这个家伙是个肤浅的雅皮士，没有什么头脑。
   The tone of his book is consistently negative, occasionally arrogant, and often superficial.
   他的书基调一贯是负面消极的，有时还有点儿傲慢自大，且常常流于肤浅。
   superficiality: He hated the superficiality, the neon glamour and the cheap prettiness of life in L.A.他痛恨洛杉矶浮华浅薄、灯红酒绿、纸醉金迷的生活。
2. ADJ-GRADED (行动、情感、关系)表面的，外表的，不深入的 If you describe something such as an action, feeling, or relationship as superficial, you mean that it includes only the simplest and most obvious aspects of that thing, and not those aspects which require more effort to deal with or understand.
   Their arguments do not withstand the most superficial scrutiny…
   他们的论据经不起一点推敲。
   His roommate had been pleasant on a superficial level…
   他的舍友只是表面上装和气。
   superficiality: His assessment only serves to demonstrate the superficiality of the judgements we make when we first meet people.他的评价只能证明我们对人的第一印象是肤浅的。
3. ADJ-GRADED 表面的，乍看起来的(尤指实际并非如此) Superficial is used to describe the appearance of something or the impression that it gives, especially if its real nature is very different.
   Despite these superficial resemblances, this is a darker work than her earlier novels…
   尽管表面上有一些相似之处，但这本著作实际要比她以前的小说悲观。
   Spain may well look different but the changes are superficial.
   西班牙可能看起来与以前有很大不同，但这些变化都是表面上的。
   superficially: Many of these killers are frequently glib and superficially charming…这些杀手中，多数都是能说会道、外表迷人。Superficially there have been many changes in Britain in recent years.近几年来英国的面貌发生了很多变化。
4. ADJ-GRADED (伤势或伤害)表层的，表皮的，表面的 Superficial injuries are not very serious, and affect only the surface of the body. You can also describe damage to an object as superficial .
   The 69-year-old clergyman escaped with superficial wounds…
   69 岁的牧师幸免于难，只受了点皮肉伤。
   The explosion caused superficial damage to the fortified house.
   这次爆炸只对这所加固过的房屋造成了轻微破坏。
5. ADJ (皮肤)表层的 The superficial layers of the skin are the ones nearest the surface.
   …superficial blood vessels in the forearm.
   前臂的表层血管

— su·per·fi·cial·ly -ˈfi-sh(ə-)lē\ adverb

Question 33

su·per·no·va noun \ˌsü-pər-ˈnō-və\

Answer 33

1. N-COUNT 超新星 A supernova is an exploding star.
   At least one supernova occurs per decade in our galaxy.
   在我们的星系中每 10 年至少有一颗超新星出现。

<tragically, a shoulder injury cut short the pitching career of one of baseball’s brightest supernovas>

Question 34

su·per·sede verb \ˌsü-pər-ˈsēd\

Answer 34

1. VERB 取代，替代(陈旧或令人不满意的事物) If something is superseded by something newer, it is replaced because it has become old-fashioned or unacceptable.
   Hand tools are relics of the past that have now been superseded by the machine.
   手工工具是历史的遗物，现在已经被机器所取代。

— su·per·sed·er noun

This edition supersedes the previous one.

Former stars were being superseded by younger actors.

Fortunately, the scientific enterprise has its own self-correcting mechanisms that eventually sort things out. Studies that are wrong will be superseded by better studies with different results. Studies that are right will be corroborated by other good studies. —Harriet Hall, Skeptic, 2007

Question 35

su·per·sti·tion noun \ˌsü-pər-ˈsti-shən\

Answer 35

1. N-VAR 迷信;迷信观念 Superstition is belief in things that are not real or possible, for example magic.
   Fortune-telling is a very much debased art surrounded by superstition…
   算命是一种非常低级的把戏，充满了迷信色彩。
   The phantom of the merry-go-round is just a local superstition.
   旋转木马的幽灵只不过是当地的迷信说法。

Question 36

sup·ple·ment noun \ˈsə-plə-mənt\

Answer 36

1. VERB 增补;补充 If you supplement something, you add something to it in order to improve it.
   …people doing extra jobs outside their regular jobs to supplement their incomes…
   除了正常的工作外还要额外兼职以贴补收入的人
   I suggest supplementing your diet with vitamins E and A.
   我建议你在日常饮食中补充些维生素 E 和维生素 A。
   Supplement is also a noun.
2. N-COUNT 营养片剂;补品 A supplement is a pill that you take or a special kind of food that you eat in order to improve your health.
   …a multiple vitamin and mineral supplement…
   含复合维生素和矿物质的营养剂
   I took regular supplements and exercised every day.
   我每天都按时吃营养片并坚持锻炼。
3. N-COUNT See also: colour supplement (杂志或报纸的)增刊，副刊 A supplement is a separate part of a magazine or newspaper, often dealing with a particular topic.
   …a special supplement to a monthly financial magazine.
   一本金融杂志月刊的特别增刊
4. N-COUNT (书籍的)补编，补遗，附录 A supplement to a book is an additional section, written some time after the main text and published either at the end of the book or separately.
   …the supplement to the Encyclopedia Britannica.
   《不列颠百科全书》附录
5. N-COUNT 额外费用;附加费 A supplement is an extra amount of money that you pay in order to obtain special facilities or services, for example when you are travelling or staying at a hotel.
   If you are travelling alone, the single room supplement is £11 a night.
   如果是一个人旅行，住单间每晚要多交 11 英镑。
6. N-COUNT 补助;补贴 A supplement is an extra amount of money that is paid to someone, in addition to their normal pension or income.
   Some people may be entitled to a housing benefit supplement.
   有些人可能有资格拿到住房补贴。
   …people who need a supplement to their basic pension.
   除了基本养老金外还需要额外补贴的人

Answer 37

补角

Question 38

sup·pli·cant noun \ˈsə-pli-kənt\

Answer 38

1. N-COUNT (向上帝或重要人物请求的)祈求者，恳求者，哀求者 A supplicant is a person who prays to God or respectfully asks an important person to help them or to give them something that they want very much.
   He flung himself down in the flat submissive posture of a mere supplicant.
   他以一个卑微的哀求者绝对谦恭的姿态猛地趴在地上。

<the new governor soon had to deal with a long line of supplicants asking for jobs and other political favors>

Question 39

sup·pres·sant noun \sə-ˈpre-s^ənt\

Answer 39

1. N-COUNT (遏制身体正常功能的)遏抑剂 A suppressant is a drug which is used to stop one of the natural functions of the body.
   …the brief period in her life when she took Dexedrine as an appetite suppressant.
   她服用德克塞根来抑制食欲的短暂时期

Question 40

sur·face noun \ˈsər-fəs\

Answer 40

1. N-COUNT 表面;表层;上面 The surface of something is the flat top part of it or the outside of it.
   Ozone forms a protective layer between 12 and 30 miles above the Earth’s surface.
   臭氧在地球表面上方 12 到 30 英里处形成一个保护层。
   …tiny little waves on the surface of the water…
   水面的涟漪
2. N-COUNT 桌面;台面;操作台 A work surface is a flat area, for example the top of a table, desk, or kitchen cupboard, on which you can work.
   It can simply be left on the work surface…
   把它放在操作台上就行了。
   Place the fish on a flat surface and sprinkle the flesh with lemon juice and pepper.
   将鱼放在案面上并在鱼肉上撒柠檬汁和胡椒粉。
3. N-SING 表面;外表;表象 When you refer to the surface of a situation, you are talking about what can be seen easily rather than what is hidden or not immediately obvious.
   Back in Britain, things appear, on the surface, simpler…
   而在英国国内，事情表面上看来要简单一些。
   Social unrest, never far below the surface in Brazil, has erupted over the last few days…
   巴西一直以来一触即发的社会不安定因素在过去的几天里爆发了。
4. ADJ (军队)陆上的，水上的 Surface is used to describe the parts of the armed forces which travel by ship or by land rather than underwater or in the air.
   In contrast with its surface fleet, Britain’s submarine force was relatively small.
   同其水面舰队相比，英国的潜艇部队规模相对较小。
   …Nato surface forces.
   北约地面部队
5. VERB 升到水面;浮出水面 If someone or something under water surfaces, they come up to the surface of the water.
   He surfaced, gasping for air.
   他浮出水面，大口吸气。
6. VERB 显露;暴露;流露;公开 When something such as a piece of news, a feeling, or a problem surfaces, it becomes known or becomes obvious.
   The paper says the evidence, when it surfaces, is certain to cause uproar…
   该报称该证据一经披露，一定会引起骚动。
   The emotions will surface at some point in life…
   各种情绪都会在生活中的某个时刻流露出来。
7. VERB (一段时间未见后)现身，露面;醒来 When someone surfaces, they appear after not being seen for some time, for example because they have been asleep.
   There’s no chance that he’ll surface because he’s bound to have heard by now…
   他不会再出现了，因为他现在肯定听说了。
   What time do you surface?
   你几点钟会醒？

— on the surface

Question 41

surface area

Answer 41

表面面积

Question 42

sur·pass verb \sər-ˈpas\

Answer 42

1. VERB 超过;胜过;优于 If one person or thing surpasses another, the first is better than, or has more of a particular quality than, the second.
   He was determined to surpass the achievements of his older brothers…
   他决心超越几个哥哥的成就。
   Warwick Arts Centre is the second largest Arts Centre in Britain, surpassed in size only by London’s Barbican.
   沃里克艺术中心是英国第二大艺术中心，规模仅次于伦敦的巴比肯。
2. VERB 远远超出(预期) If something surpasses expectations, it is much better than it was expected to be.
   Conrad Black gave an excellent party that surpassed expectations.
   康拉德·布莱克举办了一次远超人们预期的精彩聚会。
3. VERB 超出(理解范围) If something surpasses understanding, it is too difficult to understand.
   …a clever and spectacularly successful system, the detailed complexity of which surpasses our full understanding.
   一个设计巧妙且极其成功的系统，其复杂的细节非我辈所能完全理解

— sur·pass·able -ˈpa-sə-bəl\ adjective

Question 43

sur·plus noun \ˈsər-(ˌ)pləs\

Answer 43

1. N-VAR 过剩;剩余;过剩量;剩余额 If there is a surplus of something, there is more than is needed.
   Germany suffers from a surplus of teachers.
   德国遭遇了教师过剩的问题。
2. ADJ 过剩的;剩余的;多余的 Surplus is used to describe something that is extra or that is more than is needed.
   Few people have large sums of surplus cash…
   几乎没人手头很富裕。
   I sell my surplus birds to a local pet shop…
   我把多余的鸟卖给当地的宠物商店。
3. N-COUNT (贸易)顺差 If a country has a trade surplus, it exports more than it imports.
   Japan’s annual trade surplus is in the region of 100 billion dollars.
   日本每年的贸易顺差额在 1,000 亿美元左右。
4. N-COUNT (预算)盈余 If a government has a budget surplus, it has spent less than it received in taxes.
   Norway’s budget surplus has fallen from 5.9% in 1986 to an expected 0.1% this year.
   挪威的预算盈余已经从 1986 年的 5.9%降至今年预计的 0.1%。

— surplus adjective

Question 44

sus·cep·ti·bil·i·ty noun \sə-ˌsep-tə-ˈbi-lə-tē\

Answer 44

1. N-VAR 易受影响(或损害)的状况;敏感性;过敏性 If you have a susceptibility to something unpleasant, you are likely to be affected by it.
   …his increased susceptibility to infections.
   他越来越容易受感染的体质
2. N-PLURAL 感情脆弱之处;情感的要害 A person’s susceptibilities are feelings which can be easily hurt.
   I am well aware that in saying this I shall outrage a few susceptibilities.
   我十分清楚这样说会戳到一些人的痛处。

Question 45

sus·cep·ti·ble adj \sə-ˈsep-tə-bəl\

Answer 45

1. ADJ-GRADED 易受…影响的;易为…左右的 If you are susceptible to something or someone, you are very likely to be influenced by them.
   Young people are the most susceptible to advertisements…
   年轻人最容易受广告的影响。
   James was extremely susceptible to flattery…
   詹姆斯听几句奉承话就忘乎所以。
2. ADJ-GRADED 易受(伤)的;易患(病)的;体质过敏的 If you are susceptible to a disease or injury, you are very likely to be affected by it.
   Walking with weights makes the shoulders very susceptible to injury…
   负重行走时肩膀很容易受伤。
   Diesel exhaust is particularly aggravating to many susceptible individuals.
   许多体质敏感的人尤其反感柴油废气。
3. ADJ-GRADED 感情丰富的;善变的 A susceptible person is very easily influenced emotionally.
   Hers was a susceptible nature.
   她很情绪化。

— sus·cep·ti·ble·ness noun
— sus·cep·ti·bly -blē\ adverb

Question 46

sus·tain verb \sə-ˈstān\

Answer 46

1. VERB 使持续;保持 If you sustain something, you continue it or maintain it for a period of time.
   But he has sustained his fierce social conscience from young adulthood through old age…
   而他从青年时期一直到老年都始终保持着强烈的社会良知。
   The parameters within which life can be sustained on Earth are extraordinarily narrow.
   地球上生命可以存活下来的地域范围是非常狭小的。
2. VERB 经受;遭受;蒙受 If you sustain something such as a defeat, loss, or injury, it happens to you.
   Every aircraft in there has sustained some damage…
   那里的每架飞机都受到了一些损坏。
   A seventeen-year-old tourist died late last night of injuries sustained in yesterday’s bomb blast.
   一位 17 岁的游客在昨天的炸弹爆炸中受伤并于当天深夜身亡。
3. VERB 支持;支援;救济 If something sustains you, it supports you by giving you help, strength, or encouragement.
   The cash dividends they get from the cash crop would sustain them during the lean season…
   从经济作物中获得的收益能帮助他们度过不景气的时期。
   I am sustained by letters of support and what people say to me in ordinary daily life…
   这些支持的信件和人们每天对我的鼓励一直支撑着我。

— sus·tained·ly -ˈstā-nəd-lē\ adverb
— sus·tain·er noun

Answer 47

1. V-ERG (使)膨胀;(使)扩大;(使)增加 If the amount or size of something swells or if something swells it, it becomes larger than it was before.
   The forms swelled and swollen are both used as the past participle. swelled 和 swollen 均可用作过去分词。
   The human population swelled, at least temporarily, as migrants moved south…
   随着移居者南移,人口出现膨胀，至少是暂时性膨胀。
   By the end of this month the size of the mission is expected to swell to 280 people…
   到这个月底，参加该任务的人员规模将有望增至 280 人。
2. VERB (身体部位)肿胀，膨胀 If something such as a part of your body swells, it becomes larger and rounder than normal.
   Do your ankles swell at night?…
   你夜里脚踝肿吗？
   The limbs swell to an enormous size.
   四肢肿得不得了。
   Swell up means the same as swell .swell up 同 swell
3. VERB 涌起，充满(某种情感) If you swell with a feeling, you are suddenly full of that feeling.
   She could see her two sons swell with pride.
   她能看出她的两个儿子充满了骄傲。
4. VERB (声音)增强,变响亮 If sounds swell, they get louder.
   Heavenly music swelled from nowhere.
   不知从何处响起天籁般的音乐。
5. N-COUNT 浪潮;浪涌 A swell is the regular movement of waves up and down in the open sea.
   We bobbed gently up and down on the swell of the incoming tide.
   我们随着涨潮的浪涌轻轻地起伏。
6. ADJ-GRADED 极好的;了不起的;非常棒的 You can describe something as swell if you think it is really nice.
   I’ve had a swell time.
   我过得极为开心。

Question 48

switch noun \ˈswich\

Answer 48

1. N-COUNT (电路的)开关，闸，转换器 A switch is a small control for an electrical device which you use to turn the device on or off.
   Leona put some detergent into the dishwasher, shut the door and pressed the switch.
   利昂娜将一些清洁剂放入洗碗机，关上门后按了开始键。
   …a light switch.
   电灯开关
2. VERB 转换;改变;转变 If you switch to something different, for example to a different system, task, or subject of conversation, you change to it from what you were doing or saying before.
   Estonia is switching to a market economy…
   爱沙尼亚正在向市场经济转轨。
   The law would encourage companies to switch from coal to cleaner fuels…
   该法律将鼓励企业转而使用比煤更加清洁的能源。
   Switch is also a noun.
   Switch over means the same as switch .switch over 同 switch
3. V-ERG 转移(注意力);(注意力)转变 If you switch your attention from one thing to another or if your attention switches, you stop paying attention to the first thing and start paying attention to the second.
   My mother’s interest had switched to my health…
   母亲转而关注起我的健康来。
   As the era wore on, she switched her attention to films.
   随着这个时代慢慢过去，她把目光投向了电影业。
4. VERB 交换;调换;对调 If you switch two things, you replace one with the other.
   In half an hour, they’d switched the tags on every cable…
   半个小时内，他们就给每根电缆都换了标签。
   The ballot boxes have been switched.
   投票箱被人调换了。

Question 49

syl·la·ble noun \ˈsi-lə-bəl\

Answer 49

1. N-COUNT 音节 A syllable is a part of a word that contains a single vowel sound and that is pronounced as a unit. So, for example, ‘book’ has one syllable, and ‘reading’ has two syllables.
   We children called her Oma, accenting both syllables.
   我们这群小孩叫她Oma，两个音节都重读。

The word “doctor” has two syllables.

“Doctor” is a two-syllable word.

The first syllable of the word “doctor” is given stress.

Question 50

sym·met·ri·cal adj \sə-ˈme-tri-kəl\

Answer 50

1. ADJ 对称的 If something is symmetrical, it has two halves which are exactly the same, except that one half is the mirror image of the other.
   …the neat rows of perfectly symmetrical windows.
   一排排整齐而且完全对称的窗子
   symmetrically: The south garden at Sissinghurst was composed symmetrically.锡辛赫斯特南面花园的布局工整对称。

— sym·met·ri·cal·ly -tri-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
— sym·met·ri·cal·ness -kəl-nəs\ noun