GM Biblio From 2019 Flashcards
Describe what step123 plus is?
Process to judge what actions the situation requires when 3 or more people in close proximity are incapacitated with no obvious reason
In relation to STEP 1.2.3 Plus protocol?
Describe Step 1
Step 1
One person incapacitated w no obvious reason
Approach using standard protocols
In relation to STEP 1.2.3 Plus protocol?
Describe Step 2
Step 2
Two people incapacitated with no obvious reason
Approach with caution using standard protocol
In relation to STEP 1.2.3 Plus protocol?
Describe Step 3
Step 3
Three or more people in close proximity, incapacitated with no obvious reason
Use caution and follow step plus
In relation to STEP 1.2.3 Plus protocol?
Describe Plus
When 3 or more person incapacitated with no obvious reason
Plus- follow CBRN first responder flowchart to consider what actions should be undertaken to save life Evacuate Communicate and advise Disrobe Decontaminate
What does IED stand for?
Improvised
Explosive
Device
In relation to IED what will it look like and describe secondary device
IED may look like many things but unlikely to look like a bomb- letter package lunch box car lorry etc
Secondary does not mean lesser or smaller- to inflict injury to emergency service personnel
Call to bomb or terrorist incident normally falls into the following categories
No warning- device actuated
Warning given- device actuated
Warning given- device not actuated, made safe
Regardless of call to IED bomb what three things should IC think?
Think- secondary device
Think- safe cordon distance
Think- safety- do not touch
When can Brigade personnel search for a device?
Only when it is reported to be on a fire station/ brigade premise
Police policy states occupiers are persons best suited to know what is unusual or out of place on their own premises
What are minimum suitable cordons distances for up to suitcase size
Car/ light vehicle
HGV/ lorry (any doubt)?
Up to suitcase more than 100m
Car/ light vehicle more than 200m
HGV/ lorry (any doubt) more than 400m
What should you consider before you sit appliances or commit personnel in relation to IED?
Not in direct line of sight
(Appliances facing away with windows open)
Away from glass
Away from secondary hazards (parked vehicles/ garages etc)
Behind hard cover
Upwind- if suspected chemical/ biological agent
Beware secondary device
Request Police
What preparation should be made for arrival of EOD officer (Explosive Ordinance Disposal- Officer)
Five Cs
Confirm - location, position and characteristics
Clear- public
Cordon- in place appropriate distance, not on direct line of sight, away from glass
Control- informed RVP
Check- checked, secondary, request
Who will want answers to the 5 w questions?
And what specifically?
The EOD officer
Five W’s
Wha- is it size, components, description
Where- exact position,map approach
When- exact time found, has it been moved
Why- is it suspicious, any potential targets nearby, any suspects
Who- witnesses/ informants, keep them available at RVP for EOD
Op considerations- (device actuated) until declared safe
Safety of personnel
Only minimum personnel should be used to carry out rescues or other tasks ‘deemed necessary’ to secure public safety
Deemed necessary- although police suspect secondary it becomes necessary to fight an outbreak of fire to prevent this becoming a greater risk to the public and ff safety.
What is IVC and when is it used?
Interagency voice communications
Digital main scheme talk group for interagency comma either at bronze ops or silver tactical to aid working together
IVC supports exchange of info in real time and benefits IC by:
Interagency voice comms
Improving comms between emergency responders
Contribute to common understanding of situation
Improving the coordination of activities
Increase safety by helping to alert personnel to hazards
Reducing, managing or mitigating risks or harm to public/ responders
Assisting decision making
If there is a risk of an IED what are minimum distances for: an;
Appliance and main scheme radio
Hand held radio
Pager?
Appliance and main scheme- 50m (if needs to approach closer main scheme off)
Hand held radio 10m
Brigade pager may be worn
What is our primary duty and why?
Extinguished fire and all trapped and injured persons have been removed-
Why crime scene scene preservation prevent loss or damage to evidence
The media at terrorist incidents?
Police responsibility to eat press briefing area and provide statements- no info, photos or videos should be released to the media- includes social media, until cleared by Police
What is MTFA?
What is VaWA?
Describe….
Marauding terrorist firearms attack
Vehicle as a Weapon Attack
What does LESLP mean?
London Emergency services Liaison Panel
Who role is it to manage safety within the inner cordon (LESLP)
The Brigade manages the safety of the inner cordon
Police will control access and egress
What is min role of inner cordon controller, and assistant- who nominates these roles?
Min role of ICC WM
Assistant FF
IC nominates a Sector Safety to arrange (SM)
What is the role of the ICC?
What should they ensure?
Issue armbands
Record all personnel entering and leaving (inc. personnel from other agencies)
Date, Form IC1 number sequence from 01 and entry point letter must be entered on armband in permanent marker
Wearing correct armband
Appropriate PPE
Briefed on safety aspects and evacuation signal and procedure
Instructed to return to same entry/ exit point
Accompanied if necessary
This safety management will end when Brigade no longer has a prime role at Incident (duty transferred to a resp. Person)
PPE designates by IC
Who designated inner cordon armband colour?
Police commander
Four colours
How do you get info of personnel already in inner cordon?
Sector safety appoints inner Cordon recorder min role WM
What is the role of the ICR?
Inner cordon recorder
Records info if personnel in cordon
Issues armband
Date/ IC2 /01
Eventually pass for to IC1
Check correct PPE
Aware of evac procedures, safety, instruct where to leave
Direct those with no role or Correct PPE out of area (police can assist)
Where is inner cordon recording equip stowed, what is in it?
Major incident box on the Command Unit
Contains IC fire silver Tabard 6 inner cordon controller/ recorder tabards 2 aide memoires 40 armbands 25 IC1 forms/ 25 IC2 forms 4 clipboards 2 permanent marker pens 1 roll security tape
What is a DVI, explain
Disaster victim identification DVI
Advisory coroners- national network who provide support at major incidents with mass fatalities (MPS) have a number of specially trained officers
Who is responsible for search, recovery and identification of bodies/ human remains at major incidents?
MPS on behalf of coroner (may request assistance from LFB)
LFB should discuss requirements and capabilities, IC should request specialist advice- HMEPO, USAR advisor, ILO
Whose responsibility is it to identity cause, location and time of death of fatalities?
Coroner (they must also consent to a body being moved)
Police resp for assisting coroner with their enquiries
(Bodies should only be moved by LFB/ Amb to enable access to living or to prevent further damage or total loss if body- ie from fire)- such movements may have to be accounted for at a later date
What is important at an IED incident
Detonation of IED serious crime important to maintain integrity of all debris, which must be preserved.
To prevent cross contamination of evidence, any equip used within IC should be presented to police for inspection before leaving scene- and if req left with police at incident- inc appliance or PPE
Causes of building collapse
Natural
Earthquake, hurricane, lightning, flooding, subsistence
Human Premises under renovation Accidental impact Arson Terrorist- induced Accidental gas explosion
Types of buildings
Framed building
Skeleton frame of steel or reinforced concrete supports structural load - usually modern buildings- office blocks- hospitals
Ungraded buildings
Walls carry structural load- traditional form- typically brick built.
If load bearing wall fails along with column or floor beam, the result is extensive collapse
The nature of collapse
Internal
External
Total
List and describe types of internal building collapse
Pancake collapse
Lean to collapse
V collapse
Tent collapse
90 degree angle collapse
Curtain fall collapse
Inward/ outward collapse
Total collapse
Who can assist IC with building collapse or in safe structures
Dangerous structure engineer
Prior to arrival cordon/ barriers
List risks at collapsed building
Further collapse Obstructed or restricted access Underfoot conditions Falling objects Overhanging hazards Airborne particulate O2 deficient atmosphere Secondary collapse Weight and position of casualties Bulk and weight of debris Explosive/ flammable atmosphere Poor lighting Bio hazards Exposed damaged utilities Asbestos Sharp protruding objects Further acts of terrorism
What measures should be considered at a collapsed building
Request DSE for advise
USAR advisor UA
Specialist teams from partner agencies
Establish RVP- large numbers
Establish a dedicated RVP for USAR modules (UA advice)
App and equip could cause vibrations and further collapse- position away
Appropriate PPE BA GTCPS
Eat restricted zones
Sores windows not forces as they could be supporting a load
Inside stay to walls if floor weakened
Maintain liaison with and control specialist contractors
Utilities isolated
Etc
What USAR resources does the LFB possess
Full USAR capability as part of new dimension- FRS national response Core FRU personnel USAR capability 5 modules 1 Structural collapse 2 Major transport 3 Breaching and breaking 4 Multi purpose vehicle 5 Timber
What roles or tasks can USAR teams conduct
Mapping and planning the incident
Technical searches visuals/ seismic and audio
Breaching and breaking to explore voids
Shoring unsafe structures
Lifting and moving - heavy loads obstructions
Etc
Explain ops procedures when arriving at a collapsed structure incident
OA IC initial survey and DRA
From DRA IC formulate plan, request DSE (and UA)
The aim of plan should be rescue of casualties whilst maintaining safety of personnel
If collapse significant based on advice of UA-rescue ops may require USAR specialists with appropriate module
Generally rescue ops methodical easily achievable moving onto more complex
Plan should be systematic, coordinated and based on update info about casualties damage buildings- conducted in organised and safe manner
To assist IC in creation of plan 6 stages of rescue- what are they?
What is the acronym for the 6 stages of rescue- used to assist IC to formulate plan as IC at collapse incident
REPEAT
What are the 6 stages of rescue- used to assist IC to formulate plan as IC at collapse incident
REPEAT
Reconnaissance and survey
Elimination of utilities
Primary surface S & R- where most likelihood of survival
Exploration of voids and spaces (stop work/ noise every 60mins)
Access by selected debris removal
Terminate by general debris removal
What are NGO’s in relation to collapsed structures, and what do they do?
Non- Government Organisations (NGOs)
Capability for S & R not linked to FRS or local auth.
IC May get offers of help from NGOs- refer to OOD via LOC, who will refer to duty AC (as requires AC approval before they can assist)
How would you briefly define DRA
Risk vs Benefit
Greater the benefit IC willing to accept greater risk esp in potential to save life or prevent rapid/ significant escalation of incident
What are the 5 steps in the DRA process?
Step
1 evaluation of situation, task and persons at risk
2 safe systems of work
3 assess chosen system of work
4 introduce additional control measures
5 reassess system of work and additional control measures
What is operational discretion?
To achieve specific objectives, ops discretion empowers individuals to adapt/ move away from op policy- if it is justifiable in term of risk versus benefit
Min necessary to achieve objective- therefore minimise exposure to increased levels of risk
Explain/ define the safe person concept
The right person, doing the right job, with the right equipment, at the right time
What HSE H & S guidance relates to risk assessments and what does it say?
HSG 65
Must be risk assessments for each significant activity carried out in the workplace and a written record made of significant findings
What are the three main risk assessments relevant to incidents and operational training activities
Generic risk assessments (nationally produced for fire service as a whole)
Locally produced risk assessments- created by brigade and based in GRAs- result in ops policies and determine PDAs- as well as informing decisions regarding training, equip and PPE
Dynamic risk assessments- IC gathers info about incident or training events and device a plan based on hazards and risks-SSOW- to be effective must be continuous
On the incident how does IC confirm a DRA has been carried out?
Sending the tactical mode confirms all risks have been asesssed
In a highly calculated manner- operational personnel will;
take some risk to save saveable life
may take some risk to save saveable property
Will not take any risk to save lives or property that are already lost
Define a cylinder
Any vessel containing a gas or liquid under pressure
Gas either stored in liquid form- LPG or compressed has- oxygen or in the case of acetylene dissolved in a solvent and stored in a special cylinder containing a porous mass within a steel shell
List and describe the different way are cylinders constructed
Welded cylinders- two steel halves welded together around centre
Drawn steel- single steel skin
Aluminium’s cylinders- lighter than steel and used to contain specialist gases
Composite cylinders- a woven fabric jacket impregnated with resin and protected by a hardened plastic outer cage- usually LPG
Who should the IC consult with during a cylinder incident?
HMEPO (also possibly the British compressed gas association (BCGA) competent person and or scientific advisor
When are cylinders at there greatest risk of failure?
When subjected to direct flame impingement- steel or aluminium loses its tensile strength- 300 degrees steel, 200-250 degrees for aluminium
In the case of composite cylinders the resin will begin to break down and becomes porous- this will be evident by substantial increase in the size of fire- due to gas feeding. If involved but not porous Can be extinguished and cooled- then seek HMEPO as may not be suitable to move due to resin weakness
Where are composite cylinder predominantly found?
Domestic- BBQ. patio heaters.
Be advised they can be used for other applications and should be treated as having an aluminium lining and treated as such.
What should a cylinder be treated as if cannot be identified?
Treat as if acetylene. Additional procedures required after initial cooling.
What initial hazard zone should applied at a cylinder incident?
Hazard Zone 200m due to fragment projection- if a cylinder has been heated or subjected to direct flame impingement
(Full consideration to substantial cover- could be reduced)
What size of fireball can be produced if a cylinder fails?
25m diameter- debris up to 200m
Acetylene designed to fail and split along entire length of partial can be propelled 200m
Who may the HMEPO contact (with IC authorisation) for addition cylinder advice?
The BCGA via Brigade Control
Cylinders may contain gases that pose many and varied risks, for example:
Flammable
Toxic
Corrosive
Asphyxiants
If a cylinder is leaking how should it be treated?
Depending on content, as a hazardous material incident
If IC becomes aware of cylinders- en route.
(by additional info from control, MDT, local premises knowledge) what OAT/ considerations should they take?
Safe route of approach and positioning of appliance
The possibility of acetylene cylinders
Use initial hazard zone overlay
Surrounding risks that may become involved- if HZ implemented- railway lines/ major roads/ public buildings
Early notification to control of an RVP
Additional info received from control or locally
Describe initial actions if cylinder is discovered at a fire incident
IC should make every effort to extinguish any fire and direct cooling spray- this will help to restore tensile strengths and reduce likelihood of failure
Carried out behind substantial cover (double skin walk), seek HMEPO advice. If not affected cooling or covering jet or moved to a safe location
