GM Biblio From 2019 Flashcards
1
Q
Describe what step123 plus is?
A
Process to judge what actions the situation requires when 3 or more people in close proximity are incapacitated with no obvious reason
2
Q
In relation to STEP 1.2.3 Plus protocol?
Describe Step 1
A
Step 1
One person incapacitated w no obvious reason
Approach using standard protocols
3
Q
In relation to STEP 1.2.3 Plus protocol?
Describe Step 2
A
Step 2
Two people incapacitated with no obvious reason
Approach with caution using standard protocol
4
Q
In relation to STEP 1.2.3 Plus protocol?
Describe Step 3
A
Step 3
Three or more people in close proximity, incapacitated with no obvious reason
Use caution and follow step plus
5
Q
In relation to STEP 1.2.3 Plus protocol?
Describe Plus
A
When 3 or more person incapacitated with no obvious reason
Plus- follow CBRN first responder flowchart to consider what actions should be undertaken to save life Evacuate Communicate and advise Disrobe Decontaminate
6
Q
What does IED stand for?
A
Improvised
Explosive
Device
7
Q
In relation to IED what will it look like and describe secondary device
A
IED may look like many things but unlikely to look like a bomb- letter package lunch box car lorry etc
Secondary does not mean lesser or smaller- to inflict injury to emergency service personnel
8
Q
Call to bomb or terrorist incident normally falls into the following categories
A
No warning- device actuated
Warning given- device actuated
Warning given- device not actuated, made safe
9
Q
Regardless of call to IED bomb what three things should IC think?
A
Think- secondary device
Think- safe cordon distance
Think- safety- do not touch
10
Q
When can Brigade personnel search for a device?
A
Only when it is reported to be on a fire station/ brigade premise
Police policy states occupiers are persons best suited to know what is unusual or out of place on their own premises
11
Q
What are minimum suitable cordons distances for up to suitcase size
Car/ light vehicle
HGV/ lorry (any doubt)?
A
Up to suitcase more than 100m
Car/ light vehicle more than 200m
HGV/ lorry (any doubt) more than 400m
12
Q
What should you consider before you sit appliances or commit personnel in relation to IED?
A
Not in direct line of sight
(Appliances facing away with windows open)
Away from glass
Away from secondary hazards (parked vehicles/ garages etc)
Behind hard cover
Upwind- if suspected chemical/ biological agent
Beware secondary device
Request Police
13
Q
What preparation should be made for arrival of EOD officer (Explosive Ordinance Disposal- Officer)
A
Five Cs
Confirm - location, position and characteristics
Clear- public
Cordon- in place appropriate distance, not on direct line of sight, away from glass
Control- informed RVP
Check- checked, secondary, request
14
Q
Who will want answers to the 5 w questions?
And what specifically?
A
The EOD officer
Five W’s
Wha- is it size, components, description
Where- exact position,map approach
When- exact time found, has it been moved
Why- is it suspicious, any potential targets nearby, any suspects
Who- witnesses/ informants, keep them available at RVP for EOD
15
Q
Op considerations- (device actuated) until declared safe
A
Safety of personnel
Only minimum personnel should be used to carry out rescues or other tasks ‘deemed necessary’ to secure public safety
Deemed necessary- although police suspect secondary it becomes necessary to fight an outbreak of fire to prevent this becoming a greater risk to the public and ff safety.
16
Q
What is IVC and when is it used?
A
Interagency voice communications
Digital main scheme talk group for interagency comma either at bronze ops or silver tactical to aid working together
17
Q
IVC supports exchange of info in real time and benefits IC by:
A
Interagency voice comms
Improving comms between emergency responders
Contribute to common understanding of situation
Improving the coordination of activities
Increase safety by helping to alert personnel to hazards
Reducing, managing or mitigating risks or harm to public/ responders
Assisting decision making
18
Q
If there is a risk of an IED what are minimum distances for: an;
Appliance and main scheme radio
Hand held radio
Pager?
A
Appliance and main scheme- 50m (if needs to approach closer main scheme off)
Hand held radio 10m
Brigade pager may be worn
19
Q
What is our primary duty and why?
A
Extinguished fire and all trapped and injured persons have been removed-
Why crime scene scene preservation prevent loss or damage to evidence
20
Q
The media at terrorist incidents?
A
Police responsibility to eat press briefing area and provide statements- no info, photos or videos should be released to the media- includes social media, until cleared by Police
21
Q
What is MTFA?
What is VaWA?
Describe….
A
Marauding terrorist firearms attack
Vehicle as a Weapon Attack
22
Q
What does LESLP mean?
A
London Emergency services Liaison Panel
23
Q
Who role is it to manage safety within the inner cordon (LESLP)
A
The Brigade manages the safety of the inner cordon
Police will control access and egress
24
Q
What is min role of inner cordon controller, and assistant- who nominates these roles?
A
Min role of ICC WM
Assistant FF
IC nominates a Sector Safety to arrange (SM)
25
What is the role of the ICC?
| What should they ensure?
Issue armbands
Record all personnel entering and leaving (inc. personnel from other agencies)
Date, Form IC1 number sequence from 01 and entry point letter must be entered on armband in permanent marker
Wearing correct armband
Appropriate PPE
Briefed on safety aspects and evacuation signal and procedure
Instructed to return to same entry/ exit point
Accompanied if necessary
This safety management will end when Brigade no longer has a prime role at Incident (duty transferred to a resp. Person)
PPE designates by IC
26
Who designated inner cordon armband colour?
Police commander
| Four colours
27
How do you get info of personnel already in inner cordon?
Sector safety appoints inner Cordon recorder min role WM
28
What is the role of the ICR?
Inner cordon recorder
Records info if personnel in cordon
Issues armband
Date/ IC2 /01
Eventually pass for to IC1
Check correct PPE
Aware of evac procedures, safety, instruct where to leave
Direct those with no role or Correct PPE out of area (police can assist)
29
Where is inner cordon recording equip stowed, what is in it?
Major incident box on the Command Unit
```
Contains
IC fire silver Tabard
6 inner cordon controller/ recorder tabards
2 aide memoires
40 armbands
25 IC1 forms/ 25 IC2 forms
4 clipboards
2 permanent marker pens
1 roll security tape
```
30
What is a DVI, explain
Disaster victim identification DVI
Advisory coroners- national network who provide support at major incidents with mass fatalities (MPS) have a number of specially trained officers
31
Who is responsible for search, recovery and identification of bodies/ human remains at major incidents?
MPS on behalf of coroner (may request assistance from LFB)
LFB should discuss requirements and capabilities, IC should request specialist advice- HMEPO, USAR advisor, ILO
32
Whose responsibility is it to identity cause, location and time of death of fatalities?
Coroner (they must also consent to a body being moved)
Police resp for assisting coroner with their enquiries
(Bodies should only be moved by LFB/ Amb to enable access to living or to prevent further damage or total loss if body- ie from fire)- such movements may have to be accounted for at a later date
33
What is important at an IED incident
Detonation of IED serious crime important to maintain integrity of all debris, which must be preserved.
To prevent cross contamination of evidence, any equip used within IC should be presented to police for inspection before leaving scene- and if req left with police at incident- inc appliance or PPE
34
Causes of building collapse
Natural
Earthquake, hurricane, lightning, flooding, subsistence
```
Human
Premises under renovation
Accidental impact
Arson
Terrorist- induced
Accidental gas explosion
```
35
Types of buildings
Framed building
Skeleton frame of steel or reinforced concrete supports structural load - usually modern buildings- office blocks- hospitals
Ungraded buildings
Walls carry structural load- traditional form- typically brick built.
If load bearing wall fails along with column or floor beam, the result is extensive collapse
36
The nature of collapse
Internal
External
Total
37
List and describe types of internal building collapse
Pancake collapse
Lean to collapse
V collapse
Tent collapse
90 degree angle collapse
Curtain fall collapse
Inward/ outward collapse
Total collapse
38
Who can assist IC with building collapse or in safe structures
Dangerous structure engineer
Prior to arrival cordon/ barriers
39
List risks at collapsed building
```
Further collapse
Obstructed or restricted access
Underfoot conditions
Falling objects
Overhanging hazards
Airborne particulate
O2 deficient atmosphere
Secondary collapse
Weight and position of casualties
Bulk and weight of debris
Explosive/ flammable atmosphere
Poor lighting
Bio hazards
Exposed damaged utilities
Asbestos
Sharp protruding objects
Further acts of terrorism
```
40
What measures should be considered at a collapsed building
Request DSE for advise
USAR advisor UA
Specialist teams from partner agencies
Establish RVP- large numbers
Establish a dedicated RVP for USAR modules (UA advice)
App and equip could cause vibrations and further collapse- position away
Appropriate PPE BA GTCPS
Eat restricted zones
Sores windows not forces as they could be supporting a load
Inside stay to walls if floor weakened
Maintain liaison with and control specialist contractors
Utilities isolated
Etc
41
What USAR resources does the LFB possess
```
Full USAR capability as part of new dimension- FRS national response
Core FRU personnel
USAR capability 5 modules
1 Structural collapse
2 Major transport
3 Breaching and breaking
4 Multi purpose vehicle
5 Timber
```
42
What roles or tasks can USAR teams conduct
Mapping and planning the incident
Technical searches visuals/ seismic and audio
Breaching and breaking to explore voids
Shoring unsafe structures
Lifting and moving - heavy loads obstructions
Etc
43
Explain ops procedures when arriving at a collapsed structure incident
OA IC initial survey and DRA
From DRA IC formulate plan, request DSE (and UA)
The aim of plan should be rescue of casualties whilst maintaining safety of personnel
If collapse significant based on advice of UA-rescue ops may require USAR specialists with appropriate module
Generally rescue ops methodical easily achievable moving onto more complex
Plan should be systematic, coordinated and based on update info about casualties damage buildings- conducted in organised and safe manner
To assist IC in creation of plan 6 stages of rescue- what are they?
44
What is the acronym for the 6 stages of rescue- used to assist IC to formulate plan as IC at collapse incident
REPEAT
45
What are the 6 stages of rescue- used to assist IC to formulate plan as IC at collapse incident
REPEAT
Reconnaissance and survey
Elimination of utilities
Primary surface S & R- where most likelihood of survival
Exploration of voids and spaces (stop work/ noise every 60mins)
Access by selected debris removal
Terminate by general debris removal
46
What are NGO’s in relation to collapsed structures, and what do they do?
Non- Government Organisations (NGOs)
Capability for S & R not linked to FRS or local auth.
IC May get offers of help from NGOs- refer to OOD via LOC, who will refer to duty AC (as requires AC approval before they can assist)
47
How would you briefly define DRA
Risk vs Benefit
Greater the benefit IC willing to accept greater risk esp in potential to save life or prevent rapid/ significant escalation of incident
48
What are the 5 steps in the DRA process?
Step
1 evaluation of situation, task and persons at risk
2 safe systems of work
3 assess chosen system of work
4 introduce additional control measures
5 reassess system of work and additional control measures
49
What is operational discretion?
To achieve specific objectives, ops discretion empowers individuals to adapt/ move away from op policy- if it is justifiable in term of risk versus benefit
Min necessary to achieve objective- therefore minimise exposure to increased levels of risk
50
Explain/ define the safe person concept
The right person, doing the right job, with the right equipment, at the right time
51
What HSE H & S guidance relates to risk assessments and what does it say?
HSG 65
Must be risk assessments for each significant activity carried out in the workplace and a written record made of significant findings
52
What are the three main risk assessments relevant to incidents and operational training activities
Generic risk assessments (nationally produced for fire service as a whole)
Locally produced risk assessments- created by brigade and based in GRAs- result in ops policies and determine PDAs- as well as informing decisions regarding training, equip and PPE
Dynamic risk assessments- IC gathers info about incident or training events and device a plan based on hazards and risks-SSOW- to be effective must be continuous
53
On the incident how does IC confirm a DRA has been carried out?
Sending the tactical mode confirms all risks have been asesssed
54
In a highly calculated manner- operational personnel will;
take some risk to save saveable life
may take some risk to save saveable property
Will not take any risk to save lives or property that are already lost
55
Define a cylinder
Any vessel containing a gas or liquid under pressure
Gas either stored in liquid form- LPG or compressed has- oxygen or in the case of acetylene dissolved in a solvent and stored in a special cylinder containing a porous mass within a steel shell
56
List and describe the different way are cylinders constructed
Welded cylinders- two steel halves welded together around centre
Drawn steel- single steel skin
Aluminium’s cylinders- lighter than steel and used to contain specialist gases
Composite cylinders- a woven fabric jacket impregnated with resin and protected by a hardened plastic outer cage- usually LPG
57
Who should the IC consult with during a cylinder incident?
HMEPO (also possibly the British compressed gas association (BCGA) competent person and or scientific advisor
58
When are cylinders at there greatest risk of failure?
When subjected to direct flame impingement- steel or aluminium loses its tensile strength- 300 degrees steel, 200-250 degrees for aluminium
In the case of composite cylinders the resin will begin to break down and becomes porous- this will be evident by substantial increase in the size of fire- due to gas feeding. If involved but not porous Can be extinguished and cooled- then seek HMEPO as may not be suitable to move due to resin weakness
59
Where are composite cylinder predominantly found?
Domestic- BBQ. patio heaters.
Be advised they can be used for other applications and should be treated as having an aluminium lining and treated as such.
60
What should a cylinder be treated as if cannot be identified?
Treat as if acetylene. Additional procedures required after initial cooling.
61
What initial hazard zone should applied at a cylinder incident?
Hazard Zone 200m due to fragment projection- if a cylinder has been heated or subjected to direct flame impingement
(Full consideration to substantial cover- could be reduced)
62
What size of fireball can be produced if a cylinder fails?
25m diameter- debris up to 200m
Acetylene designed to fail and split along entire length of partial can be propelled 200m
63
Who may the HMEPO contact (with IC authorisation) for addition cylinder advice?
The BCGA via Brigade Control
64
Cylinders may contain gases that pose many and varied risks, for example:
Flammable
Toxic
Corrosive
Asphyxiants
65
If a cylinder is leaking how should it be treated?
Depending on content, as a hazardous material incident
66
If IC becomes aware of cylinders- en route.
| (by additional info from control, MDT, local premises knowledge) what OAT/ considerations should they take?
Safe route of approach and positioning of appliance
The possibility of acetylene cylinders
Use initial hazard zone overlay
Surrounding risks that may become involved- if HZ implemented- railway lines/ major roads/ public buildings
Early notification to control of an RVP
Additional info received from control or locally
67
Describe initial actions if cylinder is discovered at a fire incident
IC should make every effort to extinguish any fire and direct cooling spray- this will help to restore tensile strengths and reduce likelihood of failure
Carried out behind substantial cover (double skin walk), seek HMEPO advice. If not affected cooling or covering jet or moved to a safe location
68
What actions should you take when a composite cylinder is involved and has failed?
Contents allowed to burn off before extinguishing fire, protect surrounding risks. If extinguished could result in potential build up of dangerous unburnt gases
69
If crews discover cylinders what information should they gather?
Without exposing themselves to unnecessary risk- type, size, contents, location, and number of any cylinders
(Identify if acetylene)
Crews should then lash off branch set on cooling spray and then withdraw- or ground monitor if more appropriate
70
Construct an informative based on the following information-
| Building industrial unit. 20m x 20m, 15% alight, with 3 x 27kg acetylene cylinders involved
From x at y 1 industrial unit 20m x 20m, 15% alight, 3 x 27kg acetylene cylinders confirmed involved, cylinder procedure being implemented, tactical
mode x
71
Following a DRA when would it not be necessary to implement a 200 m hazard zone
The fire has been extinguished
The cylinders are definitely not acetylene
All the cylinders have been located
Cylinders involved are receiving direct cooling
Then cylinders can be considered in no immediate danger of failing and not necessary to implement 20 hazard zone. Only a cordon sufficient to maintain SSOW
72
What PPE should crews wear if working within a 25m of a fire affected cylinder
```
Full structural PPE
BA
Fire Kit
Firehood
Gloves
```
73
Any cylinders not involved in an initial fire but are at risk of becoming involved should be removed to a place of safety. What visual indicators that suggest cylinder has not been involved in a fire are:
Paper labels and plastic rings intact
Paintwork has not been blackened or blistered
Supply hose pipes are undamaged
74
Where cylinder confirmed as not involving acetylene involved in a fire the IC should consider implementing HZ of ?. However what will need to be taken into account?
200m
| Time taken to implement HZ vs Extinguishing Fire
75
Can crews work in the HZ?
Yes, it is not an exclusion zone- requires a risk assessment by IC.
Work behind substantial cover, wear full PPE- (fire kit, hood, gloves)
Within 25m BA
76
What info should be contained in an informative detailing z hazard zone?
```
Actions taken
Number of evacuees
The size of HZ and road closures
RVP and approach route
The tactical mode
```
77
Describe how to deal with an acetylene cylinder that has been involved in a fire
HZ 200m (make use of cover to reduce zone)
Informative
Risk assessment/ HMEPO advice
Would have needed direct heat of over 300 degrees
Extinguish fire
Cool for one hour
CAP test
(Wetting teat in conjunction with TIC)
Don’t move
Once passed CAP HZ can be removed- if fails hot spots another hour cooling then repeat CAP test
Once passed no further risk responsibility handed to owner/ occupier- advises to contact cylinder manufacturers Competent person
A form 6104 acetylene cylinder handover form should be completed
78
What does the CAP consist of:
Stopping application of cooling water after one hour
Monitor cylinder with a TIC and record temperature
Observe for any violent steaming or rapid drying out of the cylinder surface
Leave cooling water off for 15 minutes
Apply momentary spray of water to cylinder and switch off
Complete 4 times (1hour)
Violent steaming not just ambient drying
79
Discuss how the HMEPO can assist
Provide advice
Liaise with BCGA CP
Advise on reduction of HZ following first successful CAP (to commence other urgent fire service ops)
Advise on Air Cooling etc
Maintain a log of acetylene incidents (location of cylinder/ cooling data/ caps time/ temp/ decisions taken during cooling/ requests for the CP and their advice/ actions)
Handover info to subsequent HMEPOs/ ICs
80
Describe how you would deal with a cylinder alight at the valve group
If simple extinguish flame shut down
May have other considerations- is valve damaged, has cylinder been heated, open air or contained
Crew full PPE w BA 45mm jet- assess valve- deal with simply
81
When an acetylene cylinder is involved in mechanical shock can decomposition occur?
No- not in unheated cylinder
However if heated then more sensitive to mechanical heating. As disturbance could cause fresh acetylene to enter affected area. Hence why best not to move...at least until cooling and CAP
82
How should a leaking cylinder be treated?
As a hazardous material incident
Shut down in correct PPE as advised by HMEPO/ Scientific advisor
If can’t shut valve (defective) monitor atmosphere for hazards- request RRT/ FRU with DIM
Ask for HMEPO if not already in attendance
83
Where can an IC find info at cylinder incidents?
```
Cylinder flowchart
Aide memoirs 6
(BA ECO board)
HMEPO advise
BCGA CP
```
84
What are cordons?
| What are the benefits?
Effective tool in the management of risk on the incident ground.
Their benefits must be considered by the IC to achieve the following:
Separate those at risk- inc FF personnel, from the hazard
To facilitate the ops of emergency services
To protect the scene and prevent unauthorised access to evidence or property.
85
How do cordons provide a safe system of work?
Formally denotes hazard area within which a level of training, PPE, supervision and/or info is required for safe operations.
86
What are the three types of cordons?
Inner cordon- around immediate scene of operations in order to restrict or even exclude access to an area of hazard
The Outer cordon is generally wider- separating public from area used by emergency services for support activities
Traffic cordon is set up by police at or beyond outer cordon to prevent unauthorised vehicle access to surrounding areas.
87
How is the inner cordon marked?
Using yellow barrier tape with ‘hazard zone- do not cross’. (Written in black)
No one to enter inner cordon unless IC or nominated officer approves.
88
How is the outer cordon identified?
White barrier tape- marked in red with ‘Fire service- do not cross’
89
Who controls entry and exit points to outer cordon
Police, but IC may need to order additional resources to control whilst awaiting police
90
Describe traffic cordon
Established beyond outer cordon to prevent unauthorised vehicle access to the scene.
Also to reduce congestion and promote traffic flow.
Normally established and maintained by the police.
91
Determining the purpose of a cordon - what needs to be considered?
Severity of the risk and who is at risk and it may be possible to apply other control measures-
Removal of hazard
IC monitoring risk area
Designating specific personnel to monitor area of risk.
92
How is size of cordon determined?
Nature of incident- no closer than recommended minimums
If no specific guidance then by IC risk assessment- based on info gathering and specialist or local knowledge
Consideration of possible incident escalation.
93
What three tools are available to the IC for agreeing position of the cordon?
Atlas and acetate
Command support system
MDT- mobile data terminal
94
How should the IC communicate the limits of the boundary?
In order to establish a cordon effectively- everyone on Incident ground must be informed of its existence and the extent.
Command unit with CSS can assist
Smaller incidents/ early stages IC may achieve with verbal/ direct commands
At larger/ protracted incidents barrier tape will be used to identify the position of the cordon (also suitable if boundary can’t be monitored continually)
IC should inform control has been eat and RVP and affected roads.
Before allowing entry appropriate control measures to ensure safety of crews and non-brigade
95
How are cordons maintained?
Reviewed periodically and alter appropriate to risk and communicated to all.
Sufficient personnel briefed with comm links
Written record of those inside the inner cordon
96
Safety management with the inner cordon?
Where fire service has primacy the IC will have responsibility for the H & S of all emergency service personnel within the inner cordon.
97
What are the LFB responsible for at major incidents LESLP (LES liaison panel)
Safety management of all emergencies services personnel within the inner cordon
98
At a major incident the IC acts at what level?
Tactical level- ‘Fire Silver’
99
At a major incident the IC acts at silver level, what are the sector commanders at scene of ops?
Fire Bronze
100
Describe the role of the inner cordon controller
Control entry/ exit point of the inner cordon (min. role WM- with assistant Ff)
Allocate number
To persons entering
Armband colour police determine
Wear appropriate PPE
Briefed on safety aspects inc evac signals and procedures
Instructed to return to same entry/ exit on completion
Accompanied (in case of non brigade) if necessary
101
What is the role of the ICR (inner controller recorder)
Recording personnel already working in inner cordon (WM)
Checking PPE
Issue armband and record on IC2 give all info to ICC
Briefed on safety- evac signal procedure
Instruct on exit point on completion
Accompanied (non brigade) if necessary
102
Describe Hot, Warm and Cold zone
Usually used at CBRN incidents
Hot- gross contamination- greatest risk
Warm- area surrounding hot zone where risk of cross contamination may occur- gross contamination, if present should be removed in this zone
Cold- area outside inner inner cordon and between warm zone and the outer cordon- no exposure to contaminants, or risk from, is expected
103
What is the initial hazard zone for a cylinder in a fire?
200m
104
What is the cordon dimension for a fire involving biological risk?
25m as initial zone may need to take other things into account- weather
105
Cordon around HAZMAT?
Upwind with a min of 25m restricted zone (at serious incidents public may need to be evacuated more than 200m)
106
What are the cordons in terrorist related activities- size of device determines
Up to suitcase
Car/ light vehicle
HGV/ lorry
Suitcase 100m
Car/ light vehicle 200m
HGV/ lorry 400m
If in any doubt 400m
107
What are the radio exclusion zones at terrorist related incidents?
Appliance main scheme 50m
Hand held radio 10m
Pagers are ok
108
Cordons at firework/ explosive incidents?
200m for explosives upto 250kgs (small car)
600m for 251kg to 2000kg and any military explosives
1000m for explosives over 2000lg
109
Why would an IC appoint an Ops Commander?
| What would they do?
In order to maintain span of control at large/ complex incidents and where a greater level of control is required.
The IC may appoint one or more Ops Commanders to take responsibility for a number of sectors.
Detailed responsibility of the Ops Comm must be given by IC based on DMM. Ops Committee function is to coordinate the ops sectors and exercise the ICs authority.
110
Who should Op Commander have communication links with?
Clear line of comms between each of the sectors they are responsible for and the Incident Commander.
111
How is the Operations Commander identified?
| What would the Ops Comm call sign be?
ID surcoat Red Yoke and Orange/ Red lower body marked ‘Operations Commander’
If one- call sign ‘Operations Commander’
If more either alphabetical or description A, B
Or Ops Comm Factory Block etc
112
Where can IC get more info on Ops Comm role?
Aide memoire
| DMM
113
If an Ops Comm is used who has responsibility for tactical mode?
IC takes responsibility for tactical mode of incident and sectors- at no time can tactics be changed from defensive to offensive without ICs authorisation except where that responsibility has been delegated to an Ops Comm.
114
What is the span of control?
Number of lines an IC may manage
115
Why would an IC start to sectorise an incident?
Usually due to the size of incident and the spans of control.
IC managing a range of resources, complex info and dynamic situation can sectorise and delegate responsibility of command and safety monitoring of all activities in a sector.
Sectorisation is central to managing spans of control and provides everyone on the incident ground with clear lines of reporting.
116
What is an operational sector?
A physical area of the incident ground
| Where possible clearly identified boundaries such as floors or walls should be used.
117
What is an functional sector?
A support function is an area of responsibility defined by the support role such as water, relief, marshalling
118
When sectors in operation does the IC have responsibility for the tactical mode of the incident?
```
Yes
If all sectors offensive- TM Oscar
If all sectors defensive-
TM Delta
If combination each TM must be detailed to control
```
All personnel at incident must be aware of declared tactical mode and be advised of any changes.
119
What ideally should the span of control be limited to?
Operational sectors
Limited to 5 lines of direct comms to ensure IC does not become overburdened
In a rapidly developing or complex incident span of control may need to be as small as two or three lines
120
How should sectors be allocated?
According to their location as opposed to the order they were set up.
For example: sector 1 established at front and then sector 3 at rear- later on 2 and 4 if required..
If this system cannot be applied due to shape or dynamic ops- IC should define name, physical boundary and operating parameters of all sectors.
121
Explain vertical sectors and sectorisation
Fire sector- main ff activities fire floor plus one above and one below.
(Bridgehead is located below fire sector- it is a location rather than a sector)
Search sector- area of ops where S & R, tactical ventilation taking place
Lobby sector- area of ops from GF to the fire sector- inc Bridgehead
Think about a deep basement situation....
122
What are call signs of sector commanders?
Sector commander 1
Sector commander 3
Sector commander water
Etc etc
123
If an incident escalated quickly and you have already set up four sectors around the building how would you add fifth?
Divide area that need sectorising keep all sectors numbers the same but add. Sector 5 into the newly created sector
124
Think about how you would sectorise a complex etc with several collisions or a large forest/ grass fire
Sector 1,2,3 or name main vehicles or colours
| Large area sector 1,2,3 by using boundary’s or roads
125
Explain the difference between turn around pressure, turn around point and turn around time
TA pressure predetermined cylinder pressure at which BA team should commence withdrawal from risk area so they reach the ECP before the low pressure warning whilst actuates
TA point a point st which the BA team will turnaround and withdraw from the risk area- location or landmark
TA time predetermined time BA team will retrace steps to withdraw from risk area, timed and communicated by ECO/ ECPS/ used to reduce BA team to extreme exposure
126
What is the working duration of a BA set?
Time between taking first breath and the actuation of the LPWW
127
Give an example of when one BA wearer could be used?
Working a monitor at the head of an aerial appliance
Car fire
Rubbish fire
Hot cutting
128
In the circumstances that a single BA wearer is working what procedures should be applied?
BA stage 1 ECO
In line of sight of IC or another nominated officer and can quickly be removed from risk area
Not to enter a building or structure or any other significant risk area
129
What hazards can reasonably be expected to be encountered at incidents where BA is worn?
Try to
| List 8
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Discuss BA radio comms
Page 7 of 63
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What’s ECP do if unexpected loss of comms with BA team?
Assessment of risk
Commit emergency team
Inform IC
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What is the minimum cylinder pressure required for entry?
240 bar
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Does a BA team need comms?
Yes, ideally BARIE, if not must have min of one hand held (not as intrinsically safe as BARIE)
134
What should BA team do if they have a loss of comm?
Team leader must decide whether to withdraw. If both radio and telemetry is lost the BA team MUST withdraw to point where comms restored (land mark position for leaky feeder?)
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What is the BA radio channel?
6 Six
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What should crew do if low battery warning (bodyguard) operates before or during entry?
Before entry-
Withdraw from ECP
Take BA set out of service replace on to appliance to charge
During-
Inform ECO
BA wear/ er can continue with deployment into risk area
Following withdrawal take BA set out of service replace onto appliance to charge
137
What is close personal contact in relation to BA?
Attachment by BA personal line
Actual physical contact between BA team members
Within physical touching distance
138
In relation to wearing BA and being part of a team explain the term air management and also team and task rotation
Air management number of factors- work rate, body mass, fitness, environmental conditions. Therefore regulate pressure checks and sharing this info along with work tasks to maximise team working duration
Rotate crews in various tasks so all members consume approx the same amount of air. RotTe positions throughout- team leader still in charge but may not be no1.
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When BA wearer book out at the ECP they must:
Report to ECO, close down and collect BA tally
Assist BA team leader with debrief to pass info and assist other BA teams entering risk- draw plan, hazards, location of casualty, landmarks, areas searched
140
Can a BA set wearer conduct a test on the fire ground?
One incident ground A test- if being used by same person and not heavily contaminated
Otherwise B test
it is not to be used after the second test unless a B teat has been conducted (this would require the OSU with BA maintenance resource pack. Carry out away from incident due to ADSU testing.
141
Does RPE need to be used when damping down and cutting away?
Yes, if fire compartment remains hot/ warm unseen fire gases will still be present
142
What button should BA wearers operate when deciding to return to the ECP?
Ensure all BA team members operate the withdrawal button (right button) on the body guard- good practice to inform ECO
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Detail the circumstances a BA team leader must withdraw the BA team and inform the ECO/ comms op?
BA team member has uncontrolled loss of air
BA set low pressure warning whistle actuates
BA team member seems unwell or confused
BA team members bodyguard display become faulty or unreadable
A BA set ADSU actuates
BA team member indicates exposure to irresponsible atmosphere due to dislodged/ defective face mask
Sustained breakdown of radio/ telemetry comms
BA team member reaches predetermined pressure reading set by ECP
An emergency evac signal sounds and receipt is confirmed by ECO/ comms op
Loss of FF media
Conditions in risk area have deteriorated to unacceptable level
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What must a BA emergency team be?
```
IC must ASARP nominated and maintain a dedicated team
Led by min of CM
At lest as large as largest BA team
Rigged to at least the same level
Switched to same radio channel
Name- Alpha emergency team 1
```
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When must a DSU be operated?
BA team member
become lost or confused or are injured and in difficulty
have a problem with their BA set
become distressed, trapped or disorientated
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Explain entrapped procedure
Aim of entrapped procedure is to allow a BA wearer to maximise the duration of available air in the event of becoming trapped or unable to withdraw from risk area.
When LPWW operate you have SDBA approx 12 minutes of air based on 50 litres per minute/ EDBA 18 minutes at consumption rate of 58 litres per minute- these can be extended by reducing demand.
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When are guidelines used?
Instruction of IC
No suitable way of tracing way out of risk are, such as hose lines submerged or tangled or premises has a complex layout
Entering high expansion foam
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When are branch guidelines used?
Need to search of a main guideline a greater distance than 6m (length of personal line)
Branch guidelines must not be extended
No more than 2 main and 4 branch from any single ECP
Not laid closer than 6 m to each other
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BA- what is a bridgehead or forward BA entry control point?
Provide BA but closer to scene of ops- remaining in safe air- high rise/ shopping mall
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What is the max duration of GTS?
20 minutes
(Can be extended if each wearer agrees and based on task and weather conditions).
Must enter in remarks column in ECB
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What is a distress to wearer DTW
Any malfunction of the BA set which is likely to deprive the wearer of air or expose them to contaminated atmosphere (inc cosmetic smoke)
152
Who are the only agency hat can be committed through our ECP and what must also happen?
LAS HART but LAS must provide dedicate comms operative to be in contact with their team
153
What is the recommended amount of water consumed 30 mins prior to working in BA?
500ml
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Explain Stage 1 Entry control
Minimum level of BA control when BA is used
Limited number of BA wearers
Incident and structures involved are small and not complex
Limited to 6 wearers deployed into risk area at any one time
Limited to one ECP
IC must nominate BA emergency team as soon as resources are available
When resources permit IC will nominate a comms op
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What is the minimum BA cylinder pressure for. First wear/ new entry?
240 bar
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What must the ECO do if they lose telemetry signal (green radio icon) and cannot contact BA crew by radio?
Inform person responsible for the ECP and commit the Emergency Team
IC/ SC must consider if FFE is to be declared
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What is a BA re-entry?
What min pressure is required and what duration?
When would it be required?
Following withdrawal and closing down.
Minimum pressure of 190 bar 15 minutes
To perform a specific task- such as equipment collection or simple ventilation task
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Explain what a second BA wear is?
Usually exceptional circumstance SDBA required to wear again usually to save saveable life- if no fresh wearers available- unless exceptional not EDBA
Must be detailed on board second wear in remarks & A/B test not recorded.
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When must an emergency team be committed, what else should happen?
BA team not returned to ECP by time of LPWW and cannot be contacted to confirm safety and well being
A DSU is heard or indicated that it has been actuated
Where audible or visual indications suggest BA team or wearers appear in distress or danger
A prolonged breakdown in comms
BA team requested assistance
MUST SET UP ADDITIONAL BA ECB AND ANNOTATE BA EMERGENCY TEAM- with DEDICATED ECO
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When must stage 2 BA procedure be used?
More than one ECP
More than 6 wearers deployed into risk area
Incident/ structure complex
BA Ops likely to be protracted
Guidelines required
Higher risks
EDBA required
BA telemetry repeaters or leaky feeders deployed
Confirmed basement fire
BA emergency team committed
Chemical protect suits out of line of site
BA wearers into Hi ex foam
Other agencies committed in BA
NOTE- both emergency and relief teams should be established
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What is the role of the Entry Control Supervisor
Aide mem 2/ don surcoat- CU
| ECPS responsible for control and management of ECP and personnel designated to support stage 2- ECO
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What aide memoire will assist the BA comms operative (comms op)?
Aide memoire no 4
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What is the function of the comms op?
To send messages between BA teams and the ECP
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What is BA Sector?
Not a separate stage of control- set up in addition to stage 2 in order to:
Coordinate and Support BA Resourcing, Logistics and Operations at Incidents- where a large number or additional BA resources are required
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What is the minim role of the BA Sector Commander?
Station Manager
(BA Sector- surcoat)
(Could be handed over to someone more senior but SM would stay to assist along with pumping appliance and CU)
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What aide memoire related to BA Sector?
BA aide mem no3
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What is the role of the RPELO?
Respiratory protective equipment logistics officer
Duty RPELO - PEG 24/7 support- on call assistance, advice and incident support
RPELO contacted via logistics manager in RMC or Brigade Control
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What are the RPELO response times?
60 minutes normal office hours
| 90minutes at night and weekends
169
Name all the BA aide memoires
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