GM

Question 1

Vector

Answer 1

Length of DNA that carries gene to be transferred

Question 2

Evaluate the risks and benefits of producing varieties of plants using hybridisation, GM, and selective breeding 6

Answer 2

GM-
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-crops can be grown in a wider range of conditions eg droughts
-Crops have higher nutrient content or produce a greater range of useful chemicals
-Crops have increased yield due to pest control or resistance to disease so reduced need to use pesticides
-GM can be beneficial if crops are resistant to herbicides as crops can be sprayed with herbicide without being harmed
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GM may result in genes entering pest species, making control difficult or into food chains
GM can introduce antibiotic resistant genes to other species

Hybridisation
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Could allow crop plants to have genes for tolerance to harsh conditions from (genome D)
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Could lead to pest species which have ability to grow in a wide range of conditions
Hybridisation could allow genes for tolerance to harsh conditions from (genome D) to enter pest species

Selective breeding
-reduces genetic diversity or causes genetic drift
-Leading to loss of useful alleles that can help them adapt to environmental change

Question 3

Artificial selection

Answer 3

When farmers save seeds from hardiest and most prolific plants for sowing for following year
Selects alleles for characteristics that are agriculturally valuable

Question 4

Micropropogation

Answer 4

When gm plants are cultures in agar with nutrients eg sucrose, amino acids, inorganic ions and plant growth substances to stimulate shoot and root growth of plants