Glycolysis (step-by-step) Flashcards
Where does glycolysis occur?
Occurs in the Cytoplasm.
Glycolysis as an equation (before reactions occur) consists of: Glucose + ___ + ___ + ___ ?
Glucose + 2 P + 2 ADP + 2 NAD
What is the net result of glycolysis (after reactions occur)
2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H + 2 H20
What is the purpose of glycolysis?
Taking glucose and breaking that glucose down into storable products that the body can use in other biochemical pathways.
In Glycolysis, Glucose gets converted into what? (first step)
Glucose-6-Phosphate
In Glycolysis, Glucose-6-Phosphate gets converted into what? (second step)
Fructose-6-Phosphate
In Glycolysis, Fructose-6-Phosphate gets converted into what? (third step)
Fructose-1,6-Biphosphate
In Glycolysis, Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate ultimately gets converted into what? (forth step)
Phosphoenolpyruvate
In Glycolysis, Phosphoenolpyruvate gets converted into what? (fifth step)
Pyruvate
The entire Glycolysis pathway is taking Glucose and converting it down to what?
Pyruvate
What 2 enzymes can be used to convert Glucose into Glucose-6-Phosphate?
Glucokinase (or) Hexokinase
Glucokinase has a ____ affinity and a ____ Km.
Low Affinity & High Km
Where is Glucokinase present and when is it used?
Present @ Liver & Pancreatic Beta Cells, used only when glucose is at high concentrations (acts as a glucose sensor) {emergency enzyme - will differ to hexokinase}
Hexokinase has a ____ affinity and a ____ Km.
High Affinity & Low Km
Hexokinase is used to operate the body’s ______ _______ _______ at which tissues?
Basal Glucose Metabolism @ All tissues.
Why is Hexokinase primarily used in the conversion of Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate?
Because of it’s high affinity to glucose.
When will Hexokinase turn to Glucokinase to carry out the reaction of Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate?
When the glucose concentration is very high, Glucokinase will carry out the reaction.
Why is Glucokinase only located at the Liver & Pancreatic Beta Cells
When the blood concentration of Glucose reaches a critical point past the body’s setpoint, the Liver (first pass to all BF) will trigger Glucokinase to activate and come in & clean things up.
What is the rate-limiting enzyme of Glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase-1 (“PFK1”)
What inhibits Phosphofructokinase-1?
ATP Citrate
What promotes Phosphofructokinase-1
AMP
Why does ATP Citrate inhibit Phosphofructokinase-1?
Because you already have “ATP” in ATP Citrate. It would be redundant to go through glycolysis.
What is an alternate conversion of Fructose-6-Phosphate to Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate & what is it promoting?
Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate (It promotes PFK1 (enzyme) to make glycolysis happen faster)
What is the enzyme that catalyzes Fructose-6-Phosphate into Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate & what is it regulated by?
Phosphofructokinase-2 [PFK2] (inhibited by Glucagon) (promoted by Insulin)
What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing Phosphoenolpyruvate into Pyruvate?
Pyruvate Kinase
What is Pyruvate Kinase regulated by?
ATP Citrate
