Carbohydrates (Section 3)

Question 1

What are the non-CHO sources used for GNG?

Answer 1

Amino Acids
Glycerol (TG’ Backbone)
Pyruvate / Lactate

Question 2

Why does Oxaloacetate convert to Malate in GNG if it immediately gets converted back to Oxaloacetate before proceeding through GNG?

Answer 2

Because OAA cannot leave the mitochondrial membrane & Malate can

Question 3

Which step/enzyme is non-reversible during GNG?

Answer 3

Pyruvate into PEP (enzyme: Pyruvate Kinase)

Question 4

What is the HMP shunt?

Answer 4

Pathway by which pentose phosphates are produced (synthesis of nucleic acids)

Question 5

Fructose is found naturally in what?

Answer 5

Fruit & Honey

+ products with High Fructose Corn Syrup

Question 6

Fructose absorbs _____ & ______ than glucose?

Answer 6

Absorbed slower & more evenly

Question 7

Too much fructose can cause what?

Answer 7

Cramping & Diarrhea

Question 8

When it is said that Fructose provides empty kcals, what does that imply?

Answer 8

No other nutrients are provided outside of the fructose molecule.

Question 9

How is Lactose Intolerance caused?

Answer 9

Lactase Deficiency (no enzyme for it)

Question 10

Lactose Intolerance typically occurs in which populations?

Answer 10

Certain Ethnic Groups
Those who drink less milk after infancy

Question 11

3 treatment options for Lactose Intolerance?

Answer 11

1.) Restrict Lactose
2.) Fermented Dairy
3.) Lactase Enzymes