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Biochemistry 2 > glycolysis metabolism > Flashcards

glycolysis metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

what is the enzyme used to make glucose-6-phosphate from glucose?

A

hexokinase :)

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2
Q

What are the deficiency of this vitamins?

  1. niacin (vitamin B3)
  2. Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
A
  • Deficiency of niacin causes pellegra, red skin lesions

- Deficiency of flavin causes anemia

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3
Q

Reductive process need …….while oxidative process need…………

A

NADPH, NADH, FADH2

NAD+, NADP+ or FAD

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4
Q

NAD to NADH are commonly called…………..

A

pyridine nucleotides

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5
Q 
What are the four Major pathways of
glucose utilization for 
1. Storage
2. oxidation via glycolysis
3. oxidation via pentose phosphate pathway
4. synthesis of structural polymer
A
  1. glycogen
  2. pyruviate
  3. Ribose 5-phosphate
  4. extracellular matrix
    cell wall polysaccharide
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6
Q

………….is break down of sugar under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.

A

glycolysis

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7
Q

What is the function of the following enzymes?

  1. hexokinase
  2. phosphofructokinase-1
  3. pyruvate kinase
A

All are irreversible

  1. convert glucose to glucose 6-phosphate
  2. fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-biphosphate
  3. converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. it is the final step
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8
Q

glycolysis has two phases. what are they?

A
  1. preparatory phase
    phosphorylation of glucose and its
    conversion to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
  2. payoff phase
    oxidative conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to pyruvate and coupled formation of ATP and NADH
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9
Q

Which of the following is wrong about glycolysis?
A. It is a catabolic process taking place in the cytosol
B. It is employed in all tissues to provide energy
C. Glucose and Fructose (in the form of Fructose-6-phosphate) are the sugar funnels serving as entry points to the glycolytic pathway
D. The end products are 2 molecules of ATP, 4 molecules of NADH, and 2 molecules of Pyruvate

A

D

The end products: 2 molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and 2 molecules of Pyruvate

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10
Q

Which of the following is true?
A. In phase II of glycolysis, ATP is formed via substrate-level phosphorylation
B. The overall production of ATP in glycolysis is 4 ATP
C. Phosphorylation of Glucose uses the energy of ATP to produce glucose 6-phosphate
D. The most important control point of glycolysis is phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate
E. All

A

E

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11
Q

What is the state of fructose 1,6-biphosphate after
A. carbohydrate-rich meal
B. High level of glucagon

A

A. increase in fructose
2,6 Biphosphate -> increased rate of glycolysis
B. decreased levels of
fructose 2,6biphosphate -> decreased rate of glycolysis

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12
Q

Which of the following is wrong?
A. At the end of the first phase, there is a net production of 4 molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
B. At the last level pf glycolysis, Substrate-level phosphorylation is used to make ATP
C. Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency is a genetic deficiency that causes hemolytic anemia
D. RBCs are completely dependent on glycolysis for ATP.

A

A

At the end of the first phase, there is a net production of 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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13
Q

what are the first and second ATP forming steps?

A
  1. Synthesis of 3-Phosphoglycerate from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
  2. Formation of Pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate
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14
Q

Which of the following is true?
A. In aerobic condition pyruvate forms 2 acetyl-COA and CO2
B. In anaerobic condition pyruvate forms 2 lactate in muscle cell
C. In aerobic condition pyruvate forms 2 ethanol and 2 CO2 in yeast
D. A and B
E. A and C

A

D

In anaerobic condition pyruvate forms 2 ethanol and 2 CO2 in yeast

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15
Q 
Lactate is mostly produced in
A. lens of the cornea, 
B. Liver
C. leukocytes 
D. testes & cancer cells.
E. All except B
A

E

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16
Q

Which of the following is true?
A. NADH -> NAD+ (Oxidation) has to take place in order for Pyruvate -> Lactate (Reduction) to happen
B. If the ratio of NADH/NAD+ is high, lactate
formation is reduced
C. If the ratio of NADH/NAD+ is low lactate formation is favored
D. All

A

A
-If the ratio of NADH/NAD+ is high, lactate
formation is favored
-If the ratio of NADH/NAD+ is low (e.g.liver
and heart) lactate (obtained from blood) is
oxidized to pyruvate.

17
Q

………………is a metabolic pathway in which lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles is transported to the liver and converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is cyclically metabolized back to lactate.

A

Cori Cycle

18
Q

What is the effect of insulin and glucagon on glycolysis?

A

Insulin increases the production of pyruvate while glucagon decreases the production of pyruvate.

19
Q 
What product of the preparatory phase of glycolysis is required in the payoff phase, but at twice the concentration?
A. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
B. Pyruvate
C. NAD+
D. ADP
E. Phosphate
A

D

Biochemistry 2 (7 decks)

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