2nd C / Fatty Acid, Ketone Body, and, Triacylglycerol Metabolism Part I: Fatty Acid Synthesis and Storage

Question 1

a typical saturated fatty acid with 18 carbons in the chain

Answer 1

Stearic acid

Question 2

T or F: Usually, fatty acids have an odd number of carbon atoms including the carbonyl carbon.

Answer 2

False, They usually have even numbers including the carbonyl carbon.

Question 3

Pick the wrong ones about the physical properties of fatty acids:

a. Amphipathic nature
b. Short Chain FAs (SCFA) are somewhat soluble in water
c. Long Chain FAs (LCFA) are highly water insoluble
d. Melting point and boiling point depend on the length of the chain and number of double bonds.
e. Double bonds in hydrophobic part increase solubility
f. Saturated FAs are solid at room temperature
g. The more the double bonds present the less soluble in water

Answer 3

Only g

Question 4

T or F: Fatty acid bearing more than 22 Carbons are found in the heart.

Answer 4

False, found in the brain.

Question 5

a typical unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbons in the chain

Answer 5

Oleic acid

Question 6

What is the omega carbon?

Answer 6

The last carbon in the fatty acid chain .

Question 7

T or F: The body can make C=C before the 9th carbon from the omega carbon.

Answer 7

False, the body can only make C=C after the 9th carbon.

Question 8

What determines whether a fatty acid is essential or not?

Answer 8

The position of the double bond whether its before of after the 9th carbon, cuz the body cant make double bonds before the 9th carbon.

Question 9

Name three main omega-3 fatty acids

Answer 9

alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Question 10

Give the number of carbons and double bonds of ALA and LA.

Answer 10

ALA: 18:3 Omega-3
LA: 18:2 Omega-6

Question 11

Which is not a source for fatty acids:

a. Diet
b. Stored glycogen
c. Adipolysis
d. De novo synthesis

Answer 11

B

Question 12

The synthesis of saturated fatty acids from acetyl CoA that is primarily derived from glucose.
Which process is this…

Answer 12

De novo synthesis

Question 13

Where does the synthesis of fatty acids occur?

Answer 13

Liver and lactating mammary glands

Question 14

What are the cofactors needed for the synthesis of FAs?

Answer 14

1. NADPH
2. ATP
3. Mn2+
4. Biotin
5. HCO3 (as a source of CO2)

Question 15

What is the correct order:

a. Utilization of substrate to form palmitate by enzyme complex fatty acid synthase
b. Elongation and desaturation of palmitate to generate different fatty acids
c. Transport of substrates into cytosol and Carboxylation of acetylCoA to malonyl-CoA(Acetyl CoA Carboxylase)

Answer 15

c, a, b

Question 16

Enzyme to carboxylate Acetyl-CoA to malonyl-Coa?

Answer 16

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Question 17

What is the rate limiting enzyme in the de novo fatty acid synthesis and what is the co enzyme used?

Answer 17

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, Biotin

Question 18

A two carbon acetyl-coa is converted to …… by the addition of one carbon byt acetyl-coa carboxylase.

Answer 18

Malonyl-coa

Question 19

Name the enzyme…
• Exists as a multi-enzyme complex
• The enzymes form a dimer with identical subunits
• Each subunit is organized into 3 domains with 7 enzymes
• Subunits independently operate & both synthesize FA simultaneously subunits lie in Antiparallel (head to tail)
orientation.

Answer 19

Fatty acid synthase Complex

Question 20

In the FAS complex which domains are the Condensing unit, Reducing unit, and the Releasing unit?

Answer 20

1st domain is the Condensing unit, Second domain is the Reducing unit, and the third domain is the Releasing unit.

Question 21

What are the 4 things that are needed for unsaturation?

Answer 21

O2, NADH, cytochrome b5 and FAD

Question 22

what are the primary substrate and the final product?

Answer 22

acetyl-coa, palmitate