Glycolysis and The Krebs Cycle Flashcards
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
- The cells energy currency
What is anaerobic cellular respiration?
When energy is produced in the absence of oxygen through glycolysis
What is dephosphorylation?
The hydrolysis/removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
What is fermentation?
The process of oxidizing NADH back to NAD+ with a final electron acceptor using an inorganic or organic compound,
- Occurs in the absence of oxygen
What is the GLUT protein?
An integral membrane protein that transports glucose
What is the definition of glycolysis?
The process of breaking glucose into 2 three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH
What is isomerase?
An enzyme that converts a molecule into its isomer
What is Phosphorylation?
The addition of a high energy phosphate to a compound
- Usually a metabolic intermediate, protein, or ADP
What is Pyruvate?
A three-carbon sugar that can be decarboxylated and oxidized to make acetyl CoA. which enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions
- The final product of glycolysis
What is a redox reaction?
A chemical reaction that has both an oxidation and reduction reaction
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
Production of ATP from ADP using the excess energy from a chemical reaction and a phosphate group from a reactant
What is the process of glycolysis?
- 2 Phosphates are added to a glucose molecule at the expense of two ATP
- This results in a 6-carbon diphosphate molecule and ADP
- The 6-carbon molecule is split into two 3-carbon molecules
- Each of these is oxidized sequentially until they become pyruvate, this process uses a coenzyme that is reduced at the same time called NAD+
- ATP is formed as a result
- In aerobic conditions, the pyruvate is further oxidized to create more ATP
In anaerobic, it is converted into lactic acid
What is the 6-carbon diphosphate molecule?
Simply a glucose molecule with 2 extra phosphate molecules bound to it
How does pyruvate differ in aerobic and anaerobic conditions?
- In aerobic conditions, the pyruvate oxidizes further into more ATP
- In anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate is converted into lactic acid
Where does the Kreb cycle take place?
Mitochondria