Glycolysis

Question 1

which steps have Mg2+

Answer 1

1,2,3,7,8,10

Question 2

how is phosphofructokinase regulated

Answer 2

allosterically by high levels of ATP. Little AMP can still activate it.

Question 3

How can cells squeeze more energy out of ADP

Answer 3

adenylate kinase can be used to turn 2ADP into ATP and AMP

Question 4

How is pyruvate kinase inhibited? activated?

Answer 4

allosterically by ATP, Acetyl CoA and fatty acids

also activated by phosphorylated sugars

Question 5

What are the three complexes of pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 5

E1: pyruvate dehydrogenase
E2: Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
E3: Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

Question 6

how can pyruvate dehydrogenase be inhibited? activated?

Answer 6

inhibited:
allosterically by ATP, Acetyl-CoA and NADH
when phosphorylated by protein kinase

activated: allosterically by AMP, CoA, NAD+ and Ca2+
dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase (inputting H2O to kick off P)