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My NBCE - Biochemistry - Carbohydrate Metabolism > Glycolysis > Flashcards

Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

Glycolysis aka

A

Embden-Myerhof pathway

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2
Q

Glycogen converts _______ into ______.

A

One 6-carbon glucose

Two 3 carbon pyruvates

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3
Q

Glycolysis happens in which cells

A

All cells of the body

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4
Q

_______cells do not have mitochondria to finish the rest of cellular respiration.

A

Red blood cells

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5
Q

Glycolysis takes place in

A

cytosol/cytoplasm

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6
Q

What are the key enzymes in glycolysis?

A

hexokinase/glucokinase
phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase

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7
Q

What is the rate limiting step in glycolysis?

A

phosphofructokinase

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8
Q

What are the two phases of glycolysis?

A

Preparatory (investing) phase - 1st 5 steps

Pay off phase - last 5 steps

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9
Q

Step two of glycolysis is conversion of what?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate

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10
Q

What is the enzyme for step two?

A

phosphoglucose isomerase (changes spatial arrangement)

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11
Q

Step one of glycolysis converts what?

A

Glucose into glucose-6-phosphate

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12
Q

What is the enzyme used in step one?

A

glucokinase in liver

Hexokinase in all other cells

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13
Q

Is step one reversible or irreversible?

A

irreversible

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14
Q

Does step one use ATP?

A

yes

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15
Q

Which step in glycolysis is the most important rate limiting step? What happens?

A

Step 3 - conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

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16
Q

What happens in step 4?

A

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate converters into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)

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17
Q

What enzyme is used in step 4?

18
Q

What enzyme converts DHAP to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate? Step 5

A

Trios phosphate isomerase

19
Q

Which steps use ATP in the investing phase?

A

Step 1 and 3

20
Q

Step 6 converts what two things using which enzyme?

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate

Enzyme: G3P dehydrogenase

21
Q

What is used in step 6?

A

NAD+ and Pi

22
Q

Step 7 converts 1,6 bisphosphoglycerate to3-phosphoglycerate suing what enzyme?

A

phosphoglycerate kinase

23
Q

Step 7 is known as the _________ point. Why?

A

Break even

2ATP were used and 2 ATP produced

24
Q

Step 8 converts 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate using which enzyme?

A

phosphoglycerate mutase

25
Q

Step 9 converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate using which enzyme? Removes what molecule?

A

Enolase

water

26
Q

What is the enzyme in step 10?

A

pyruvate kinase

27
Q

How many ATP are created in step 10?

28
Q

Hexokinase is an allosterically regulated enzyme. Which is inhibited by it’s product:

A

Glucose-6-phosphate

29
Q

What would happen if there were too much glucose-6-phosphate in the cell?

A

The cell would swell

30
Q

Glucokinase if found in the _____ and activated by _____. It is inhibited by what?

A

Liver
Insulin
Fructose-6-bisphosphate

31
Q

PFK is inhibited by what 4 things?

A

ATP, citrate, NADH, glucagon

32
Q

PFK is activated by?

A

AMP, ADP, insulin, F2,6B

33
Q

Pyruvate kinase is activate by what?

A

F1,6B and AMP

34
Q

Pyruvate kinase is inhibited by what?

A

ATP, fatty acids, alanine, and acetyl CoA

35
Q

4 possible fates of pyruvate:

A 
ORCT
Oxidation
Reduction
Carboxylation
Transanimation
36
Q

Oxidation: pyruvate is oxidized to what? Enters which cycle?

A

Acetyl CoA

TCA/Krebs

37
Q

What enzyme catalyzes pyruvate to acetyl CoA? What else is needed?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenation

thiamine

38
Q

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by what?

A

ATP, acetyl CoA, and NADH

39
Q

Reduction reaction (anaerobic) turns pyruvate into what? Using?

A

Lactate

lactate dehydrogenase

40
Q

Carboxylation turns pyruvate into what? Using?

A

oxaloacetate

Pyruvate carboxylase

41
Q

Transanimation turns pyruvate into what? Using?

A

Alanine

Alanine transanimase

42
Q

Pyruvate enters the __________ and is converted into ______ to enter the Krebs cycle.

A

mitochondrion

Acetyl CoA

My NBCE - Biochemistry - Carbohydrate Metabolism (6 decks)

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