Digestion Flashcards
Starch is a ___________.
polysaccharide
Polysaccharide contains a large number of _______ monosaccharide units joint together by _____ bonds.
Glucose
glycosidic
All PLANT seeds and tubers contain starch predominately as ______ and _______.
Amylase
amylopectin
Long unbranched chains of glucose, with glucose units linked at C1 and C4 - represent alpha 1,4 bonds.
amylose
Highly branched polymer of glucose, with glucose units linked by alpha 1,4 in linear fashion and 1,6 bonds at the branched which occur at every 24 to 30 glucose units.
amylopectin
Glycogen has similar (to amylopectin) ______ and _____ ______ bonds
Alpha 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic
Three major classes of carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
disaccharides
Glucose and fructose are ________.
monosaccharide
Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are ________.
disaccharides
Starch is a _________.
Polysaccharide.
Sucrose is made up of _____ and ______.
Glucose and fructose
Lactose is made up of?
Glucose and galactose
Humans can only process sugars with the ____ formation.
D - dextra (think Delicious Disaccharides)
A polysaccharide with several 100 to 10,000 beta 1,4 linked D-glucose units.
Cellulose
Why can’t humans digest cellulose?
They lack enzyme cellulase
Salivary amylase breaks down what?
maltose
Maltese is made up of?
Two glucose molecules
Pancreatic amylase aka?
Alpha amylase
This enzyme is present in small intestine cleaving 1/4 links to release di- and polysaccharides facilitating starch breakdown.
Pancreatic amylase (alpha amylase)
Breaks down trisaccharides into mono- and di- saccarides.
trisaccharidase
Breaks down disaccharides into the monosaccharide - glucose, fructose, and galactose.
disaccharidase
Breaks down sucrose into fructose and glucose
sucrase
Breaks down lactose into galactose and glucose.
lactase
Lactose is secreted by what?
Intestinal villi
What happens with lactose intolerance?
Undigested lactose remains in gut and ferments causing bloating and diarrhea.
Glucose is absorbed and stored in they body as ______ in what two places?
Glycogen
Skeletal muscle and liver
