Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biochem > Glycolysis > Flashcards

Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

various biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms

A

Carbohydrate Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

generation of cellular energy
sausage shape
convoluted

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

enzyme in mitochondria responsible for production of ATP

A

ATP Synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

composition of outermost layer of mitochondria

A

50% protein

50% lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

composition of innermost layer of mitochondria

A

80% protein

20% lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

beginning of metabolism

A

digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

action of salivary amylase

A

starch & glycogen -> polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

action of pancreatic amylase

A

polysaccharides -> disaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

action of S.I

A

disaccharides -> simple sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stops enzyme action in stomach

A

gastric juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

enzymes in S.I

A

maltase, sucrase, lactase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

reaction of digestion of carbohydrates

A

hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

has greatest no. of ways to utilize glucose
storage
glucose -> glycogen
releases free glucose from glycogen when blood glucose levels are low

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

utilizes stored glycogen for synthesis of ATP during exercise

A

skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

reoxidized to continue glycolysis

A

NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Starch + Salivary Amylase +H2O

A

Maltose + Dextrins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Starch + Pancreatic Amylase + H2O

A

Maltose + Isomaltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Maltose + Maltase + H2O

A

Glucose (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Isomaltose + Maltase + H2O

A

Glucose (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lactose + Lactase + H2O

A

Glucose + Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sucrose + Sucrase + H2O

A

Glucose + Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

breakdown of all compounds

A

catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Common Monosaccharides

A

glucose
galactose
fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Disaccharides

A

sucrose ( glucose + fructose)
maltose (glucose + glucose)
Lactose (glucose + galactose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Polysaccharides

A 
Starch
Dextrin
Cellulose
Pectin
Glycogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Absorption of Monosaccharides

A

Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Transport
Active Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Accdg. to concentration gradient

Fructose and pentoses

A

Simple Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

GLUT5: glucose, galactose and fructose

A

Facilitated Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

SGLT (Sodium Glucose Transporter)

glucose and galactose

A

Active Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pathways for Glucose Utilization

A

Oxidation
Provides other Compounds
Storage
Excretion in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

for production of energy

A

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Provides other compounds:

A

Carbohydrates
Glycerol 3-phosphate
Acetyl CoA
Non essential AA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

storage in adipose

A

triacylglycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Major Pathways in oxidation of glucose

A

Glycolysis

Kreb’s Cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Minor Pathways in oxidation of glucose

A

Hexose monophosphate pathway

Uronic acid pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Central roles of glucose

A

storage
oxidation via glycolysis
oxidation via pentose phosphate pathway
synthesis of structural polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

storage

A

glycogen, starch, sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

oxidation via glycolysis

A

pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

oxidation via pentose phosphate pathway

A

ribose 5-phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

synthesis of structural polymers

A

extracellular matrix

cell wall polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q
  • a pathway used by all body cells
  • converts glucose to pyruvate
  • an example of anaerobic fermentation
  • oxygen is not necessary
  • mostly endergonic reactions
A

Glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

produced by glycolysis
conjugate base of carboxylic acids and ketones
has negative charge
completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O in mitochondria (aerobic)

A

Pyruvate/ pyruvic acid

43
Q

formula of pyruvate

A

CH3COCOOH-

44
Q

ending of all cycles

45
Q

Dinucleotide Phosphates

46
Q

products of Hydrolysis of phosphates

A

ATP - ADP + Pi + e
ADP - AMP + Pi + e
ATP + 2 H2O - AMP + 2Pi + e

47
Q

NAD

A

nicotinamide
protection of RBC
used in ETC
NADH reduced

48
Q

FAD

A

riboflavin

FADH2 reduced

49
Q

Coenzyme A

A

CoA + SH

must be attached to acetyl group to form Acetyl Coa

50
Q

start of TCA

A

Acetyl CoA

51
Q

makes CoA active

52
Q

CHO metabolism

A

uridine triphosphate (UTP)

53
Q

Protein metabolism

A

guanin triphosphate (GTP)

54
Q

Phosphorylation reactions

A

Reaction 1, 3,7,10

55
Q

Isomerization Reactions

A

Reaction 2, 5

56
Q

Oxidation Reaction

A

Reaction 6

57
Q

Cleavage Reaction

A

Reaction 4

58
Q

Shift of Phosphoryl group

A

Reaction 8

59
Q

Dehydration reaction

A

Reaction 9

60
Q

Intermediate Products

A 
Glucose
Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 1,6- biphosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
1,3 - Biphosphoglycerate
3 - phosphoglycerate
2-phosphoglycerate
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Pyruvate
Lactate (anaerobic)
61
Q

Enzymes

A 
Hexokinase
phosphohexose isomerase
Phosphofructokinase - 1
Aldolase
Triose phosphate isomerase
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Phosphoglycerate kinase
phosphoglycerate mutase
enolase
Pyruvate kinase
62
Q

phosphorylation of glucose ensures that pathway intermediates remain in the cell

phosphorylation occurs in C6, as C1 is a carbonyl group (phosphorylation only takes place in hydroxyl group)

A

Reaction 1

63
Q

Isomerization moves carbonyl to C2

A

Reaction 2

64
Q

C-1 now a hydroxyl group can be phosphorylated
ensures both products of C-C cleavage bond are phosphorylated
interconvertible

A

Reaction 3

65
Q

carbonyl group at C2 facilitates cleavage

A

Reaction 4

66
Q

aldose

A

glucose 6-phosphate

67
Q

ketose

A

fructose 6-phosphate

68
Q

interconversion of 2 products into single pathway

A

reaction 5

69
Q

oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate produces NADH - prerequisite for ATP production in 7

A

Reaction 6

70
Q

remaining phosphoryl group moves from C2 to C3

A

reaction 8

71
Q

alcohol

A

3-phosphoglycerate

72
Q

priming reactions

A

Reaction 1, 3

73
Q

oxidative phosphorylation reaction

produces NADH

A

Reaction 6

74
Q

ATP forming reactions

A

Reaction 7,10

75
Q

All carbohydrates enter

A

glycolysis

76
Q

Carbohydrates enter in muscle via

A

hexokinase

77
Q

D-galactose enters:

A

Glucose 1-phosphate

78
Q

Lactose becomes:

A

D-Galactose

D- Glucose

79
Q

Trehalose becomes

A

D-Glucose -> Glucose 6-phosphate

80
Q

Sucrose becomes:

A

D-glucose -> Glucose 6-phosphate
or
D-fructose -> Fructose 6-phosphate

81
Q

Fructose becomes:

A

Fructose 1-phosphate -> Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

82
Q

D-Mannose becomes

A

Mannose 6-phosphate -> Fructose 6-phosphate

83
Q

Dihydroxyacetone derived from glucose carbon

84
Q

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate derived from glucose carbon

85
Q

Pyruvate in under hypoxic or anaerobic conditions

fermentation to ethanol in yeast

A

2Ethanol + 2CO2

86
Q

Pyruvate under anaerobic conditions
fermentation
vigorous contraction
erythrocytes

87
Q

Pyruvate under aerobic conditions

A

Acetyle CoA -> 4CO2 + 4H2O

88
Q

refers to the metabolic pathway in which lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in the muscles moves to the liver and is converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is metabolized

aka lactic acid cycle

A

Cori cycle

89
Q

irreversible reactions in Glycolysis

A

Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase

90
Q

controls or inhibits PFK

A

ATP (allosteric inhibitor)

91
Q

binding sites of allosteric enzymes

A

substrate site

allosteric site

92
Q

controls or inhibits hexokinase

A 
Glucose 6P (feedback inhibition)
Fructose 6P (if PFK is inactive)
93
Q

inhibits PFK

A

ATP
Acetyl CoA
Alanine

94
Q

reaction in TCA

A

decarboxylation

95
Q

product of fatty acid metabolism

96
Q

too much intake of O2

A

hyperventilation

97
Q

effects of hyperventilation

A

affect conc. of CO2 in blood

comes in contact with H2O, formation of carbonic acid

98
Q

Lactate makes blood:

99
Q

only pathway where RBC gets energy or is activated

A

glycolysis

100
Q

condition of deficiency of enzyme in glycolysis

A

Hemolytic anemia

101
Q

formation of bubbles

102
Q

site where glycolysis takes place

103
Q

location of ATP synthase

A

inner membrane

Biochem (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions