Glycolysis Flashcards
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
No
During normal conditions what does the heart primarily use for energy generation?
fatty acids (60 - 80%) glucose (20 - 30%)
What transports glucose into cardiocytes in the heart?
GLUT1 (10%) and GLUT4 (90%)
What glucose transport protein helps skeletal muscles to take up more nutrients and is insulin dependent?
GLUT4
What glucose transport protein increases with ischemia in the heart?
GLUT4
What does 2,3 - bisphosphoglycerate do?
What glycolysis molecule is it converted from?
Decreases the amount of O2 binding to Heme (At higher elevations 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate levels increase which pushes oxygen out of blood and into organs)
1,3 - bisphosphoglycerate
In what organs is glucokinase located?
Liver and beta cells of pancreas
How does glucokinase trap glucose in the cell?
It adds a charged phosphate group to make it glucose-6 phosphate which makes it unable to cross
the membrane.
Which organs contain G-6P phosphatase to release glucose from the cell?
Liver and renal cortex
What is the committed step of glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1)
What toxic compound substitutes for Pi in biological reactions?
Arsenate
Why is Arsenite toxic?
It forms a stable complex with enzyme-bound lipoic acid, with is an E2 cofactor for PDC
What organs can convert lactate back to pyruvate?
Heart, liver, kidney
What organs can use pyruvate to generate glucose that is sent back into the blood (ie the Cori cycle)
Liver and kidney
What are the two shuttle options for NADH electrons to get into the mitocchondrial matrix?
Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle (all tissues)
Malate-aspartate shuttle (liver, kidney, heart)
Why does the NADH from the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle only end up giving 1.5 ATP/NADH while the malate-aspartate shuttle give 2.5 ATP/NADH
glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle uses FADH2
What is the maximum amount of energy from the complete oxidation of glucose?
32 ATP
If transport NADH through glyerol-3-P shuttle, subtract 2 ATP = 30 ATP
What is the enzyme that changes 2 ADP into an AMP and an ATP?
Adenylate Kinase
