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IUSM Biochemistry > Electron Transport Chain > Flashcards

Electron Transport Chain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two ways to make ATP?

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

Electron transfer-dependent oxidative phosphorylation

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2
Q

What is vitamin B3?

A

Niacin

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3
Q

What vitamin is an important cofactor for NAD+?

A

Niacin (B3)

It provides the components for the nicotinamide ring of NAD

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of niacin deficiency (Pellagra)?

A

Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea
“3D’s for B3”

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5
Q

What vitamin is a component of FAD?

A

Riboflavin (B2)

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6
Q

What ETC mobile carrier is a lipid soluble molecule that can transport (2e-, 2H+)?

A

Coenzyme Q

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7
Q

What ETC mobile carrier is a small protein with a bound heme that can transport (1e-)?

A

Cytochrome C

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8
Q

What are three ETC electron carriers than can carry 1e-?

A

Copper, Iron-sulfur proteins, cytochromes

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9
Q

What are cytochromes?

A

Protein molecules that contain heme with an iron atom

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10
Q

How many C-subunits does ATP synthase have?

A

10

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11
Q

How many alpha3beta3 subunits does ATP synthase have?

A

3

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12
Q

What part of ATP synthase lies within the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

c-subunits

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13
Q

How does ATP get into and out of the mitochondria?

A

ATP-ADP translocase/Adenin Nucleotide translocase (ANT) exchanges 1 ADP for one ATP

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14
Q

What is an inhibitor of Adenine Nucleotide translocase (ANT)?

A

bongkrekic acid

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15
Q

How many protons does ATP have after it is exported from the cell by ANT?

A

4 protons

3 added during synthesis, 1 added prior to transport

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16
Q

What do uncoupling agents do to the ETC?

A

Uncouple electron transport from ATP synthesis, energy is lost to heat (this occurs in brown fat)

17
Q

What does nitric oxide do in the body?

A

It relaxes smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels. Works quickly and is only used in hypertensive emergencies.

18
Q

What fat soluble compound binds protons on one side of a membrane, and then drifts to the opposite side where it loses the protons. It is an uncoupler for the ETC

A

2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)

19
Q

What is the uncoupling protein found in brown fat?

A

Thermogenin also called UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1)

20
Q

What activates the UCP-1 channel in brown fat?

A

Free fatty acids

21
Q

How much ATP is formed from the complete oxidation of glucose?

A

32

-2 for glycolysis so 30 net

IUSM Biochemistry (11 decks)

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