Electron Transport Chain

Question 1

What are the two ways to make ATP?

Answer 1

Substrate level phosphorylation

Electron transfer-dependent oxidative phosphorylation

Question 2

What is vitamin B3?

Answer 2

Niacin

Question 3

What vitamin is an important cofactor for NAD+?

Answer 3

Niacin (B3)

It provides the components for the nicotinamide ring of NAD

Question 4

What are the symptoms of niacin deficiency (Pellagra)?

Answer 4

Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea
“3D’s for B3”

Question 5

What vitamin is a component of FAD?

Answer 5

Riboflavin (B2)

Question 6

What ETC mobile carrier is a lipid soluble molecule that can transport (2e-, 2H+)?

Answer 6

Coenzyme Q

Question 7

What ETC mobile carrier is a small protein with a bound heme that can transport (1e-)?

Answer 7

Cytochrome C

Question 8

What are three ETC electron carriers than can carry 1e-?

Answer 8

Copper, Iron-sulfur proteins, cytochromes

Question 9

What are cytochromes?

Answer 9

Protein molecules that contain heme with an iron atom

Question 10

How many C-subunits does ATP synthase have?

Answer 10

10

Question 11

How many alpha3beta3 subunits does ATP synthase have?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

What part of ATP synthase lies within the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 12

c-subunits

Question 13

How does ATP get into and out of the mitochondria?

Answer 13

ATP-ADP translocase/Adenin Nucleotide translocase (ANT) exchanges 1 ADP for one ATP

Question 14

What is an inhibitor of Adenine Nucleotide translocase (ANT)?

Answer 14

bongkrekic acid

Question 15

How many protons does ATP have after it is exported from the cell by ANT?

Answer 15

4 protons

3 added during synthesis, 1 added prior to transport

Question 16

What do uncoupling agents do to the ETC?

Answer 16

Uncouple electron transport from ATP synthesis, energy is lost to heat (this occurs in brown fat)

Question 17

What does nitric oxide do in the body?

Answer 17

It relaxes smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels. Works quickly and is only used in hypertensive emergencies.

Question 18

What fat soluble compound binds protons on one side of a membrane, and then drifts to the opposite side where it loses the protons. It is an uncoupler for the ETC

Answer 18

2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)

Question 19

What is the uncoupling protein found in brown fat?

Answer 19

Thermogenin also called UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1)

Question 20

What activates the UCP-1 channel in brown fat?

Answer 20

Free fatty acids

Question 21

How much ATP is formed from the complete oxidation of glucose?

Answer 21

32

-2 for glycolysis so 30 net