Glycolysis

Question 1

Step one

Answer 1

Glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP, producing glucose-6-phosphate (phosphorylation)

Question 2

Step two

Answer 2

Glucose-6-phosphate is rearranged into its isomer fructose-6-phosphate (isomerization reaction)

Question 3

Step three

Answer 3

Another phosphate group derived from ATP is attached to fructose-6-phosphate producing fructose-1,6-biphosphate (phosphorylation)

Question 4

Step four

Answer 4

Fructose-1,6-biphosphate is split into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetane phosphate (DHAP) (lysis reaction)

Question 5

Step five

Answer 5

The DHAP produced in reaction 4 is converted to G3P giving a total of 2 of those molecules/molecules of glucose (isomerization reaction)

Question 6

Step six

Answer 6

Two electrons and two protons are removed from G3P, some of the energy released in the reaction is trapped by the addition of an inorganic phosphate group from the cytosol (not derived from ATP). The electrons are accepted by NAD+ along with one of the protons. The other proton is released to the the cytosol (redox reaction)

Question 7

Step seven

Answer 7

One of the two phosphate groups of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate is transferred to ADP to produce ATP (substrate level phosphorylation reaction)

Question 8

Step 8

Answer 8

3-phosphate group from the 3-carbon to the 2-carbon to produce 2-phosphoglycerate (mutase reaction-shifting of a chemical group to another within the same molecule)

Question 9

Step nine

Answer 9

Electrons are removed from one part of the 2-phosphoglycerate and delivered to another part of the molecule. Most of the energy lost by the electrons is retained in the products, phosphoenolpyuvate. There is also a loss of water (redox reaction)

Question 10

Step ten

Answer 10

The remaining phosphate group is remained from the phosphoenolpyuvate and transferred to ADP. The reaction forms ATP and the final product of glycosis is pyuvate. (Substrate level phosphorylation reaction)