GLYCOGENESIS + GLYCOGENOLYSIS (4th question group)

Question 1

where does glycogenesis occur?

Answer 1

liver and cytoplasm (skeletal muscle)

Question 2

what is glycogenesis?

Answer 2

glycogen synthesis

glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen for storage

Question 3

what enzyme regulates glycogenesis?

Answer 3

glycogen synthase

Question 4

what is the main role of glycogenesis in the liver?

Answer 4

maintain blood sugar levels

Question 5

what is the main role of glycogenesis in the cytoplasm (skeletal muscle)?

Answer 5

energy source during exercise

Question 6

The active form of glucose used in glycogen synthesis is?

Answer 6

UDP Glucose

Question 7

the enzyme that breaks alpha 1,4 glycosidic bond formed by glycogen synthase?

Answer 7

transglucosidase

Question 8

the key enzyme in glycagon degradation?

Answer 8

phosphorylase

Question 9

What molecule must be excluded from the active site of glycogen phosphorylase?

Answer 9

water

Question 10

What is the function of liver glycogen degradation?

Answer 10

For glucose export to other tissues when glucose levels are low

Question 11

The two hormones that signal for glycogen breakdown are?

Answer 11

Epinephrine and Glucagon

Question 12

The enzyme that removes the phosphate from glycogen synthase, converting it to the active a form is?

Answer 12

Protein Phosphatase 1

Question 13

Why is glycogen branching important?

Answer 13

1. ) Increases solubility

2. ) More terminals = faster breakdown/synthesis

Question 14

what is glycogenolysis?

Answer 14

degradation of glycagon to blood glucose

Question 15

where does glycogenolysis take place?

Answer 15

liver cytoplasm

Question 16

what enzyme regulates glycogenolysis?

Answer 16

glycogen phosphorylase

Question 17

Why is glycogen phosphorylase alone not sufficient in in degrading glycogen?

Answer 17

Glycogen phosphorylase can not cleave the alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds at glycogen branch points

Question 18

Which enzymes are required for glycogen breakdown?

Answer 18

glycogen phosphorylase, glycogen debranching enzyme, phosphoglutomutase

Question 19

The process of glycogenolysis is an example of?

Answer 19

Phosphorolysis

Question 20

glycogenolysis is an example of what kind of reaction?

Answer 20

catabolic reaction

Question 21

what is the allosteric inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase in the liver?

Answer 21

glucose

Question 22

in the muscle, what is the allosteric activator of glycogen phosphorylase?

Answer 22

Ca 2+

Question 23

name an insulin receptor

Answer 23

tyrosine kinase