Glutes

Question 1

List the superficial gluteal muscles

Answer 1

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

Question 2

Which movements does gluteus maximus enable?

Answer 2

Hip: mostly extension (also external rotation, abduction)

Question 3

Which movements does gluteus medius enable?

Answer 3

Hip: abduction
Thigh: medial rotation

Question 4

Which movements does gluteus minimus enable?

Answer 4

Hip: abduction
Thigh: medial rotation

Question 5

Which movements does tensor fasciae latae enable?

Answer 5

Hip: flexion, medial rotation, abduction
Knee: lateral rotation

Question 6

What is the main nerve supply to the superficial gluteal muscles?

Answer 6

Superior gluteal nerve

except gluteus maximus, which has inferior gluteal nerve

Question 7

List the deep gluteal muscles

What is the main movement of these muscles?

Answer 7

Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Inferior gemellus
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris

Lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 8

What is the nerve supply to piriformis?

Answer 8

Nerve to piriformis

Question 9

What is the nerve supply to superior gemellus?

Answer 9

Nerve to obturator internus

Question 10

What is the nerve supply to inferior gemellus?

Answer 10

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 11

What is the nerve to obturator internus?

Answer 11

Nerve to obturator internus

Question 12

What is the nerve supply to quadratus femoris?

Answer 12

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 13

What quadrant should you insert an intragluteal injection into? Why?

Answer 13

Superolateral quadrant of buttock

Avoid injury to sciatic nerve

Question 14

How do nerves enter/exit the pelvis and perineum, respectively? How are these formed?

Answer 14

Greater sciatic foramen
Lesser sciatic foramen
Holes formed by sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Question 15

The sciatic nerve is found inferior to what muscle? What areas does it innervate anatomically? What are the nerve roots?

Answer 15

Piriformis
Posterior thigh, leg, foot
L4 - S3

Question 16

Where does the pudenal nerve supply anatomically? What are it’s nerve roots?

Answer 16

Perineum

S2 - S4

Question 17

Where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply? What are it’s nerve roots?

Answer 17

Skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum, upper medial thigh
S1 - S3

Question 18

What is the arterial supply to the sciatic nerve?

Answer 18

Artery to sciatic nerve

Question 19

Where does the sciatic nerve branch? List these branches

Answer 19

Tibial and common fibular branches form at inferior third of the thigh

Question 20

The thickening of the fascia lata, on the lateral surface of the thigh is known as…

Answer 20

The iliotibial tract

Question 21

List the superior, lateral, medial, floor and roof borders of the femoral triangle respectively?

Answer 21

SAIL
Inguinal ligament
Adductor longus (lateral border)
Sartorius (medial border)
Iliopsoas and pectinus
Fascia lata

Question 22

List, from lateral to medial, the components of the femoral triangle?

Answer 22

Nerve
Artery
Vein
Lympatics

Question 23

What is contained within the femoral sheath?

Answer 23

Femoral artery and vein

Question 24

What is the femoral canal composed of?

Answer 24

Deep inguinal lymph nodes and fat

Question 25

What is the only palpable vessel within the femoral triangle? It is a continuation of…

Answer 25

Femoral artery

External iliac artery

Question 26

The inguinal ligament is located between which two bony landmarks?

Answer 26

ASIS

Pubic tubercle

Question 27

A weakness in what muscles can cause a Trendelberg’s gait? What nerve lesion is this associated with?

Answer 27

Abductor muscles of lower limb - gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
Superior gluteal nerve